Markers dCAPS2, dCAPS3, CAPS1 and CAPS12 correctly predicted resistance; all resistant families were homozygote for the resistant allele, while susceptible plants were homozygote for the susceptible allele (Table 2). Molecular markers tightly associated with resistance would improve selection efficiency, drastically reduce the number of required resistance tests, and greatly lower the selection costs. The authors declare that they have no competing interests. A recombinant inbred line (RIL) population of TC1966 × NM92 was established as described by [12] and advanced to the F12 generation by single seed descent. [21] mapped bruchid resistance of a different mungbean line (V2709) to intervals defined by marker pairs MB-87 – COPU11 and RP –COPU06. The liquid and the gel debris were transferred to a spin column (Ambion, AM10065) and centrifuged for 5 min at top speed. Genetic mapping suggested that markers physically mapped to chromosomes 3 and 4 and associated with bruchid resistance map in fact to chromosome 5. Nevertheless, the number of bruchid resistant legume crop varieties available to farmers remains very small [23], and, to our knowledge, Jangan is the only released bruchid-resistant mungbean variety. 2011;6(5):e19379. 24. Google ScholarÂ. And green gram, commonly called moong or mung bean. The mung bean (Vigna radiata), alternatively known as the green gram, maash (Persian: ماش ‎), or moong (from Sanskrit: मुद्ग, romanized: mudga), is a plant species in the legume family. Generation advancement by single seed descent led to increased homozygous plants, raising the number of completely resistant and susceptible families in the subsequent generations. 2004. The diagnostic rate of the marker in TC1966 × NM92 F12 families was 87 %. One highly significant quantitative trait locus (QTL) associated with bruchid resistance was mapped to chromosome 5 on genetic maps of both populations, suggesting that TC1966 and V2802 contain the same resistance locus. A QTL for reduced number of bruchid adults was located at the same position, with an LOD of 32.0 explaining 91.7 % of the trait variation and an additive effect of −20.7 emerging adult bruchids. On the other hand, co-segregation of markers located on different chromosomes could also have biological reasons, such as the presence of segregation distorter genes nearby [28]. /Subtype /Image More information on the biochemical basis of bruchid resistance and feeding studies assessing the safety of alternative resistance sources are required to guarantee safety of bruchid-resistant mungbean for human nutrition. Nat Commun. ‘þ¯‰*ÊAq"‡Û,i¨„zdyiiE$6D1². Food Chem Toxicol. Cytogenetical investigations, so far, on the organisation and evolution of the genomes of Vigna species have proved difficult due to small chromosome size, large chromosome number and uniformity in chromosome shape and size within and between the complements. There have been reports of SSR identification in mung bean (Gwag et al. Alternative resistance sources would increase the options available for breeding bruchid resistant mungbean. Development of a molecular marker for a bruchid (Callosobruchus chinensis L.) resistance gene in mungbean. © 2021 BioMed Central Ltd unless otherwise stated. SR, NR, CLF, LHF and LMS designed the study. DNA was quantified on a Qubit fluorometer using a Qubit assay kit (Invitrogen). sublobata seems to be linked with undesirable seed properties, such as small and hard seed [16, 17]. Article  *) The primers for DMB-SSR-158 map 7,000 bp apart on the VC1973 reference genome sequence. Appl Ent Zool. The marker order of the genetic map differed strongly from the order according to the physical map, probably due to the small population size, but possibly also due to rearrangements in the TC1966 and NM92 genomes relative to the sequenced line VC1973. The gel pieces containing DNA of one lane were placed each in a 0.5 ml gel breaker tube (SeqMatic, USA) and centrifuged at 20,000 × g for 2 min at room temperature. stream Strong segregation of resistance was found in both experimental populations TC1966 × NM92 and V2802 × NM94, ranging from 100 % resistance to 100 % susceptibility. In this investigation the nature and extent of DNA variation between thirteen diploid and one polyploid species have been estimated. Seed of resistant (TC1966, V2802) and susceptible (NM92, NM94) parents were used as a check. Mungbean is mainly cultivated today in China, India and Southeast Asia but can be found in dry regions within Southern Europe and United States. Mung bean is one of the oldest source of human food. It is used as an ingredient in both savoury and sweet dishes. The minor bruchid resistance QTLs published in [12] could not be verified, as these QTLs were delimited by an amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers and no sequence information for converting these markers to PCR-based markers was available. Part of Bruchid resistance data were obtained from recombinant inbred line populations TC1966 (V. radiata var. Leaf: compound, trifoliate. When using the sequence scaffolds of recombinant inbred line RIL59 derived from TC1966 × NM92 as a reference [13], both markers mapped to scaffold 35, which was attributed to chromosome 3 of RIL59. In: Fujii K, Gatehouse AMR, Johnson CD, Mitchell R, Yoshida T, editors. The mungbean reference sequence was inspected for the gene content of the QTL interval on chromosome 5. V2709 has been used in Korea to breed the bruchid-resistant variety Jangan and two quantitative trait loci (QTL) conferring resistance were identified in this line [21]. Theor Appl Gen. 2005;110(5):914–24. << 2009;52(7):589–96. PubMed Google Scholar. January 24, 2020. Characterization of resistance to Callosobruchus maculatus (coleoptera: bruchidae) in mungbean variety VC6089A and its resistance-associated protein VrD1. All authors have read and approved the manuscript. Biotechnology/Molecular Breeding, World Vegetable Center, 60 Yi Min Liao, Shanhua, Tainan, 74151, Taiwan, Roland Schafleitner, Shu-mei Huang, Shui-hui Chu & Chen-yu Lin, Legume Breeding, World Vegetable Center, 60 Yi Min Liao, Shanhua, Tainan, 74151, Taiwan, Information Technology, World Vegetable Center, 60 Yi Min Liao, Shanhua, Tainan, 74151, Taiwan, Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, No. In V2802 × NM94, markers physically mapped at 5,622,070, 5,662,479, 5,953,917 and 5,974,663 were 100 % co-segregating with resistance phenotype. Plant Breed. The LOD for the seed damage and emerging bruchid number QTLs were 41.2 and 52.9 and the % variation was 74.8 and 82.9 %, respectively; the additive effect was −27.0 % seed damage and −8.41 emerging bruchid beetles. Abstract Aims: Investigate the interaction of bioluminescent Escherichia coli and Salmonella Montevideo with germinating mung bean sprouts. The markers associated with the QTL identified on genetic maps of both populations also contained markers physically mapping to other chromosomes of the VC1973 reference sequence. Heredity analysis and gene mapping of bruchid resistance of a mungbean cultivar V2709. Recently, [13] confirmed the presence of resistance genes against bruchids on chromosome 5 of TC1966. Complete bruchid resistance in mungbean has been found in the wild relative V. radiata var. Ren etal.’s proposed model of ancestral node genome recon- Ohwi & Ohashi and V. Nakashimae (Ohwi) Ohwi & Ohashi and its use in analysis of bruchid resistance and comparative genomics. Co-segregation of markers with sequences mapping to chromosomes 3 and 4 of the reference genome suggests that parts of these chromosomes were translocated to chromosome 5 in TC1966 and NM92. Ans. The order of the markers differed between the genetic and the physical map. The marker genotypes for CAPS12 depicting the diagnostic capacity of this marker in both populations is shown in Fig. 4. Euphytica. A second population was established from cross V2802 (bruchid resistant) × NM94 (bruchid-susceptible) and 150 lines were advanced, also by single seed descent, to the F7 generation. 2007;157(1–2):113–22. BMC Plant Biol. sublobata TC1966 bruchid resistance gene product on the animals [15].

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