What is Irregular Warfare? IW being defined as: A violent struggle among state and non-state actors for legitimacy and influence over the relevant population(s). Irregular warfare remains in the forefront of the Air Force’s warfighting focus. In a counterinsurgency campaign, for example, the counterinsurgent must do more that simply track down and kill the insurgent leadership, or infiltrate and destroy their sanctuary. 1. For example, it will often be difficult to determine if an activity in a complex operation is in support of a foreign internal defense, counterinsurgency, or stability operations line of effort. As we know, the five pillars of irregular warfare are rooted within these seven core operations. Each of the core activities of irregular warfare has at least one natural partner: unconventional warfare is combatted through counterinsurgency and foreign internal defense, while counterterrorism is naturally paired with terrorism. States Air Force, Irregular Warfare, AFDD 2-3, Washington, D.C., August 1, 2007, p. 11. %PDF-1.6 %���� Click to share on Twitter (Opens in new window), Click to share on Facebook (Opens in new window), The Imperitive: Irregular Warfare and the Future of Security. Current US military doctrine describes irregular warfare as having five core activities: counterterrorism (CT), unconventional warfare (UW), foreign internal defense (FID), counterinsurgency (COIN), and stability operations (SO). 0 irregular warfare leadershipto counter the range of compelling irregular challenges we face in the 21st Century. Lawrence Pillars of Islam, the five religious acts that are considered obligatory for all Muslims: shahadah, the Muslim profession of faith; salat, daily prayer; zakat, the paying of alms to benefit the poor and needy; sawm, fasting during the month of Ramadan; and hajj, the pilgrimage to Mecca. Nonetheless, there is a significant convergence between several of these activities. Irregular warfare (IW) is defined as a violent struggle among state and non- state actors for legitimacy and influence over the relevant populations. . Within the context of this understanding of the operating environment, five types of activities or operations (the 5 “pillars” of conducting irregular warfare) comprise the strategy for addressing irregular threats; these include: counterterrorism, unconventional warfare, foreign internal defense, counterinsurgency, and stability operations. The DOD Instruction 3000.7 codifies Irregular Warfare as consisting of Counterinsurgency, Stability Operations, Foreign Internal Defense, Counterterrorism, and, importantly, Unconventional Warfare. This is not merely an academic choice, however, since including all fundamental operational activities is essential to the study of the enemy’s strategic, operational, and tactical considerations. Both. While it is unlikely that US forces will conduct these activities itself, it must still understand them in order to confront them (through COIN, FID and CT) and, in the case of insurgency, to support it when required through unconventional warfare. Therefore, a … one level of warfare may affect all three levels . Your email address will not be published. This blog takes a slightly different view of the number and organization of the core activities of irregular warfare. Advances in technology and other trends in the environment will render such irregular threats ever more lethal, capable of producing widespread chaos, and otherwise difficult to counter. Stability operations 5. This paper seeks to better understand ethics in irregular war and cyber warfare. Pillars support a structure and (assuming that they are not merely cosmetic) are necessary to the integrity of that structure. Learn how your comment data is processed. Irregular warfare is defined as:. Examining each of these pillars of power will illustrate the advantage the United States has already demonstrated in Iraq and Afghanistan, and how these pillars will give us the strategic advantage in irregular warfare or “COIN,” going forward. In fact, the situations in […] A counter-insurgency or counterinsurgency (COIN) is defined by the United States Department of State as "comprehensive civilian and military efforts taken to simultaneously defeat and contain insurgency and address its root causes".. An insurgency is a rebellion against a constituted authority when those taking part in the rebellion are not recognized as belligerents. Executive Summary viii JP 3-57 simultaneously with different effects at each level. The dividing line between regular and irregular warfare grew more distinct with the spread of standing national armies after the Thirty Years' War. 2476 0 obj <> endobj Christopher J. Heatherly and Casey T. McNicholas. These threats are enmeshed in the population and increasingly empowered by An Irregular Warfare Strategy for Somalia Pages: 3 (706 words) on Science and Modern Warfare Pages: 2 (310 words) Medieval European Warfare Pages: 6 (1251 words) Japans Bio-Warfare Pages: 5 (1024 words) Irregular Flight Pages: 5 (1048 words) Civil-Military Operations Range Notify me of follow-up comments by email. �?^�M�_�|/�%ؿ�/���}~|��/ ����!�7T�X�:��5�@u��f�@�{�t��)p�~o��=����l�O�bl��Ĵ�7.��;�����c��~0˙�@�@�� �0�͟�ϗR�nS*{"|'=@ &r0��/5�f�%�5��j"�j)o��c/}@���B�� �S���c��\�r�h��� ���&��>��L���s��S�����s�Z��E�M�W���1����������e���8.�w���箼�l���7�>��Ͽ�j:�]�~Sd`�w�@�Os%�{_��T��:��׏L8ߚ�(��y!͟�{�7�E~x��px���:�(�j��|�s�� On the question of irregular warfare, we seem to be in agreement that it is certainly the most common form of warfare today but we part company on whether it … In irregular warfare, “right” actions are pragmatic because they build legitimacy and avoid injustice. In addition to regrouping the activities, it should be noted that two new activities are added: insurgency and terrorism. A violent struggle between state and non-state actors for legitimacy and influence over the relevant population (State vs. Non-state) What are the five pillars of irregular warfare? Consequently, hybrid warfare is … Beyond simple terminology preferences, there is also the more important issue of precisely what activities are core to irregular warfare. However, for most of the discussions we will pursue in this blog, the offensive versus defensive lines will be most useful, since it will help to clarify the most vital aspects of each. The pillars of the trinity provide a foundation to understand how hybrid warfare employs irregular, unconventional, and conventional military power to balance against the risk of war trending towards absolute violence and open conflict. The term irregular warfare seems best to capture the wide variety of these "little wars." a violent struggle among state and non-state actors for legitimacy and in - fluence over the relevant populations. Airmen continue to plan and counter irregular and evolving threats as joint, multinational, and multi-agency campaigns, beginning with strategy development and concluding with the achievement of the desired end state. Unconventional Warfare 2. FID 4. Irregular warfare (IW) is defined in United States joint doctrine as "a violent struggle among state and non-state actors for legitimacy and influence over the relevant populations." Irregular Warfare Books Showing 1-50 of 121 Learning to Eat Soup with a Knife: Counterinsurgency Lessons from Malaya and Vietnam (Paperback) by. IRREGULAR WARFARE 1775–2007 Proceedings of the Fifth Workshop of the Partnership for Peace Consortium’s Military History Working Group THE U.S. ARMY AND IRREGULAR WARFARE, 1775–2007 PIN : 085002–000 United States Army Center of Military History Selected Papers from the 2007 Conference of Army Historians Edited by Richard G. Davis For example, a state conducting an internal counterinsurgency may or may not require a foreign internal defense effort, while a counterterrorism campaign may find that the terrorists have no popular support, obviating the need for counterinsurgency. %%EOF After 9/11, we identified a need to create a description for what to many appeared to be a new form of warfare – this became Irregular Warfare. While each of these fundamental areas of irregular warfare are inextricably linked to one another, this blog will take on each pairing separately in a series of posts for the sake of clarity, and outline the interlinkages in the course of discussion. The 2010 Quadrennial Defense Review report uses the term “irregular” only once in its one hundred and five pages and only in terms of a focus on building the joint force’s capability and capacity to deal with irregular warfare while maintaining a clear conventional and nuclear global superiority. In an irregular struggle, whether against a state or non-state adversary, understanding that adversary’s strategic goals, options and constraints will allow a strategist to formulate a plan to take advantage of his weakest points and properly prepare for attacks against his own. Notably the relationship between US and China. 913 Words 4 Pages. USSOCOM Directives 10-1cc (U) and 525- UW is one of the five main activities identified under Irregular Warfare. . The term “core activities” is therefore preferable to “pillars,” since it makes clear the importance of these activities in irregular warfare writ large, but does not imply that each of the activities will be necessary in every irregular warfare campaign. Irregular War And Cyber Warfare; Irregular War And Cyber Warfare. When derived from an authentic understanding of the population, actions universally viewed as “right” can win the confidence of the governed and lead to legitimacy. However, we may from time to time use alternate groupings to discuss various aspects of these activities. These activities are grouped into the pairs above to highlight the offensive and defensive forms of each activity. Your email address will not be published. IW favors indirect and asymmetric approaches, though it may employ the full range of military and other capabilities, in order to erode an adversary’s power… In fact, the activity may support all of these simultaneously. That process, which went hand in hand with the growth of nation-states, came to a head in the second half of the seventeenth century. In 2007, UK and coalition forces in the southeastern Iraqi city of Basra faced a series of tactical challenges. There is no right answer, and in different discussions, it may be more useful to use one grouping rather than another. UW, FID, COIN, CT, Stability Operations What are the three levels of warfare Counter terrorism. Irregular warfare is the oldest form of warfare, and it is a phenomenon that goes by many names, including tribal warfare, primitive warfare, "little wars," and low-intensity conflict. Failed and Failing States are likely areas where struggles for legitimacy will occur. Since this blog is not specifically focused on development of US military forces (as the Joint Operating Concepts on Irregular Warfare are), this blog takes the position that there are several sets of core activities: Insurgency and Counterinsurgency; Unconventional Warfare and Foreign Internal Defense; Stability Operations; and Terrorism and Counterterrorism. Required fields are marked *. Concepts associated with irregular warfare are older than the term itself. UW falls within the construct of Irregular Warfare (IW) and is one of U.S. Special Operations Command's (USSOCOM) Core Activities. First, the use of the term “pillars” is misleading as to the nature of these activities within irregular warfare doctrine. Irregular Warfare Reference Library and Case Studies, Iraqi Counter-Terrorism Service capture ISIS child recruiter, Barnett Rubin’s Theses on Peacemaking in Afghanistan: A Manifesto, The Norms of Proxy War: Guidelines for the Resort to Unconventional Warfare. UW- overthrow COIN, FID, stability operations, CT - prop up. As discussed briefly in the previous post, current US military doctrine describes irregular warfare as having five core activities: counterterrorism (CT), unconventional warfare (UW), foreign internal defense (FID), counterinsurgency (COIN), and stability operations (SO). ,b&-@$?X%�!�J50�4X�.0{��V�"}��*��ba����,^"�'������L��� �� �3��� � ƛ By then Lawrence was gone, though not his influence, much to Orde Wingate’s consternation. USSOCOM-The lesson identified seven core operations; counterinsurgency, stability, countering WMD, counterterrorism, support to major combat operations and campaigns, foreign internal defense and unconventional warfare. 2557 0 obj <>stream Select two of the seven core operations and provide an example of how … However, the activities listed above are not in the abstract necessary to an irregular warfare campaign. by Admin As discussed briefly in the previous post, current US military doctrine describes irregular warfare as having five core activities: counterterrorism (CT), unconventional warfare (UW), foreign internal defense (FID), counterinsurgency (COIN), and stability operations (SO). A frequent criticism of the United States military is it spends too little time contemplating the future of warfare, choosing instead to refight the last war. Which tells us that cyber warfare … �W���(��I�ב��F[H r����j��Jd3��h2>��.�?J���W��)oc�[��/�u�%�]��^H���bߤ�R��)S6�����Ȅ��� Y�;L�>���A"��#ɦD���� ¦�/�i>I;���r���B���M�I=���q8A���e�%�we�hG^ɮ����"�9ß5��H8]�����f��tg��b��)o���f� gJ��4ߟ)t. This is true in any confrontational pursuit, whether it be politics, the courtroom, business, or the battlefield. Additionally, as the only offensive activity among those listed, unconventional warfare will in many cases be conducted in the absence any of the others. The Enduring Pillars of Successful Counterinsurgency. h�bbd```b``k��G@$s4�d���q�6�D�6�Uf�H&�O0�)���� The key to understanding this is realizing that the US only identified the core activities of irregular warfare according to a purely US-centric point of view. h��T�ku�.w�f]{Y��m���2�n�[���j3��4m�Q:��B� IV'���Z�Y��)��aL�@���{!��Lh_H3m� CMO guidance should include higher headquarters objectives and end states synchronized with USG policy and guidance. Does irregular warfare prop up a government or overthrow it? Hybrid warfare will be a critical challenge to the United States and its allies in the twenty-first century, a challenge openly recognized by the U.S. defense establishment. The Insufficiency of U.S. Irregular Warfare Doctrine by John A. Pelleriti, Michael Maloney, David C. Cox, Heather J. Sullivan, J. Eric Piskura and Montigo J. Hawkins - Joint Force Quarterly 93. 64 books based on 27 votes: Seven Pillars of Wisdom: A Triumph by T.E. 2527 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<1D3F9467190F4E42BB2B8AAF05F35B41>]/Index[2476 82]/Info 2475 0 R/Length 188/Prev 749624/Root 2477 0 R/Size 2558/Type/XRef/W[1 3 1]>>stream Unfortunately, as the above graphic makes clear, there is more than one obvious way that activities related to insurgency may be grouped: along offensive versus defensive lines, train and equip versus direct conduct lines, or simply as a foursome. Rather than being viewed as a list of discrete options, these activities (sometimes called the five “pillars” of irregular warfare), according to IW JOC 2.0, may be undertaken in sequence, in parallel, or in blended form as part of a campaign to address irregular threats. Thus, as part of a coherent classification system of irregular warfare, they must be included along with their “counter” activities. Unconventional Warfare Overview The focus in UW is on the indigenous resistance elements, not U.S. force structures and procedures. f� ���d X�%�� �5�%�lg�JF�����I$5��`�i@�1� It also carries the implication that these activities will be the primary effort in a campaign, supported by other activities like strategic communications, psychological operations, and civil-military operations. These Five Pillars were published in 2011. COIN 3. In order to do this, the counterinsurgent must have a keen understanding of the purposes and functions of insurgent movements and their organizational structures. SOF attempt to solve the problem of IW by preventing, deterring, disrupting, or defeating irregular threats, with the primary emphasis on prevention. Based on the conclusion that the US does not participate in terrorism, counterterrorism is a sufficient activity to cover this domain of warfare, and the fact that insurgencies will be conducted only by proxy allow the US to focus only on unconventional warfare. What are the 5 pillars of irregular warfare. And as has been clear from the time of Sun Tzu, understanding your adversaries’ options and strategies is a foundational requirement to confronting that adversary. In the aftermath of a natural disaster, stability operations may be required to quell rioting and limit looting, but there may be no effective organization to the unrest, limiting the role of counterinsurgency to measures that are essentially prophylactic. In addition, we will discuss other operational activity sets related to irregular warfare, such as intelligence and counterintelligence, organized crime and law enforcement, and security sector reform and assistance. The nine case studies in this book are representative of the history of hybrid warfare from ancient times to the present. And the same will be true to a lesser extent for the terrorism and stability activities, as we discuss the various overlaps and blended responses inherent in confronting to irregular threats. But terrorism is not on the list according to US joint doctrine… And what about insurgency itself? T.E. Currently, the definition is ambiguous Irregular warfare favors indirect and … It is interesting to note that of these five activities, only one–unconventional warfare–is “offensive” in a strategic sense (counterterrorism is often offensive at the operational and tactical levels, but is reactive and defensive at the strategic level). Irregular warfare in World War II flourished in inverse proportion to the fortunes of conventional forces. (JP 1) According to DoD Defense Directive Number 3000.07 (dated August 28, 2014) irregular warfare includes: They must also confront the political ideology driving the insurgents and their supporters in order to isolate them and transform their support structures from assets into liabilities. endstream endobj startxref Show More. irregular forms of warfare as effective ways to challenge conventional military powers. 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