lycopene content in watermelon
Splign: algorithms for computing spliced alignments with identification of paralogs. Plant Cell Physiol. Genet. 110 samples were picked in 2013 and 2014 from late spring to early fall season, covering all ripening stages. Recently, there has been increased interest in red-fleshed watermelons because they contain the antioxidant cis-isomeric lycopene. Lycopene is non-toxic and is commonly found in the diet, To verify the stability of the QTL we identified, Pop. (2017). 25 (6), 908–915. Cultivars 'PWM25-4', 'Arun', 'Kiran' and 'Kareena' were found to be the most promising ones with highest lycopene content, antioxidant capacity and CI. (1900). 13, 235–240. (2005). 2, 1553–1562. Biol. The white flesh color trait was incomplete dominant to the red flesh trait based on the fact that the two F1 generations of Pop. Watermelon is an unusual fruit source of the carotenoid lycopene and a rich source of phenolic antioxidants. Most people don’t consume more than 10 mg of lycopene per day, though. The phylogenetic tree analysis demonstrates that the candidate gene identified from the fine mapping results participated in regulating red flesh formation through the process of carotenoid production (Figure 8). Lycopene Content Watermelon is an important source of natural antioxidants due to lycopene, a fat-soluble carotenoid with valuable health-promoting benefits [ 69 ]. *Correspondence: Shi Liu, shiliu@neau.edu.cn; Feishi Luan, luanfeishi@neau.edu.cn, Front. (2015). In the yellowish group, each plant exhibited 389- or 128-bp bands for WII04EKpnI-1 and 460- or 158-bp bands for WII04E07-40. Cucurbit Genomics Database (CuGenDB): a central portal for comparative and functional genomics of cucurbit crops. 35 (8), 160. doi: 10.1007/s11032-015-0354-x, Hashizume, T., Shimamoto, I., Hirai, M. (2003). Mol. QTL IciMapping: integrated software for genetic linkage map construction and quantitative trait locus mapping in biparental populations. Development and characterization of microsatellite in Cucumis. In Pop. A bulk segregant transcriptome analysis reveals metabolic and cellular processes associated with orange allelic variation and fruit beta-carotene accumulation in melon fruit. Watermelon lycopene β-cyclase: promoter characterization leads to the development of a PCR marker for allelic selection. Plant J. 129, 717–728. The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. The carotenoid biosynthesis pathway in plants has been thoroughly investigated (Cazzonelli and Pogson, 2010), but little research was focused on QTL analysis of lycopene accumulation in watermelon. doi: 10.1038/ng.2470, Gusmini, G., Wehner, T. C. (2006). doi: 10.1093/molbev/msy096, Latowski, D., Kuczynska, P., Strzalka, K. (2011). Advances in research on carotenoids in watermelon flesh. Breed. The same trend was also observed for WII04E08-38. Nat. Sci. CW, LS, and FL conceived and designed the experiments. Simple-sequence repeat markers used in merging linkage maps of melon (Cucumis melo L.). doi: 10.1093/jhered/93.1.77, Wang, L. Y., Meng, X., Yang, D. Y., Ma, N. N., Wang, G. D., Meng, Q. W. (2014). 35, 64. doi: 10.1007/s11032-015-0263-z, Lu, S., Van Eck, J., Zhou, X., Lopez, A. 45 (1), 51–U82. Based on the genotyping results, the CAPS markers WII04EBsaHI-6 and W04EII08-38 cosegregated with red and pink flesh color in these accessions, except in two PI lines (PI 193963 and PI 601228, which had yellowish flesh but exhibited the same restriction enzyme fragments as the red and pink plants). Results indicate that watermelon is a good source of dietary lycopene and there exists significant variation that … Comparative mechanisms and rates of free radical scavenging by carotenoid antioxidants. Construction of a watermelon BAC library and identification of SSRs anchored to melon or Arabidopsis genomes. Genetic mapping of a major codominant QTL associated with β-carotene accumulation in watermelon. J. Mol. Lycopene content may be another quality attribute of watermelon, but no research has been conducted to quantify lycopene in fresh-cut watermelon. 94 (1), 169–191. Lycopene (C40H56) is an open-polyene chain lacking the β-ionone ring structure with 13 double bonds. (2015). The two trait-related QTLs shared the same region, and the red flesh color gave a high correlation with the lycopene content in the F2 generation for Pop. Red tomato is also a high-lycopene-content plant, which reportedly undergoes pigment development similar to that of watermelon (Grassi et al., 2013); however, the two fruits are still suggested to have different regulatory systems in their carotenoid biosynthesis pathways. Am. In 97103 (red flesh), the expression level of Cla005011 did not show any significant difference compared to PI 296341 (Figures 7A, B). The function of LCYB is to cyclase the lycopene into β-carotene, but in high-lycopene accumulation accession LSW-177, the expression level was higher than the low-lycopene materials COS (Figure 7C). J. Hered. It is worth noting that CW and AQ are co–first authors. Red flesh color and lycopene content are major influences on watermelon quality and consumption. This work was also supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China (31601775 and 31572144), the “Young Talent” Project of Northeast Agricultural University (17QC06), the project of China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2017M611345), and the China Agriculture Research System (CARS-25). Colour of watermelon flesh was described by an optimized colour index (CI). Plants with pink and red flesh colors showed enzyme-cut fragments of 1,182 and 665 bp for WII04EBsaHI-6 and 566 bp for W04EII08-38, while the yellowish- and white- fleshed accessions showed fragments of 1,847 and 287 or 279 bp for these two markers (since the resolution ratio of the 1% agarose gel was 100 bp, the 287- and 279-bp products appeared as one band) (Figure S4). J. Hered. doi: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btp348, Cazzonelli, C. I., Pogson, B. J. Watermelon provides about 12.7 grams of lycopene per 2 cup serving. Inheritance of several characters in watermelons. 2, and in Pop. 2 and Pop. The raw data supporting the conclusions of this article will be made available by the authors, without undue reservation, to any qualified researcher. J. Hunan Agric. Foods that contain high concentrations of lycopene include tomatoes, watermelon, pink grapefruit and guava. Figure S5 | Marker analysis for red, yellowish and white flesh color watermelon accessions using CAPS marker WII04EKpnI-1 and WII04E07-40. Results showed that watermelon has as much or more lycopene as raw tomatoes and that the amount depends on both variety and growing conditions. doi: 10.1007/s10681-014-1158-5, Bo, K. L., Song, H., Shen, J., Qian, C. T., Staub, J. E., Simon, P. W., et al. WC performed the data analysis and wrote the manuscript. lanatus) while the lowest lycopene quantity was observed in jackfruits (Artocarpus heterophyllus). Genet. Wide-genome QTL mapping of fruit quality traits in a tomato RIL population derived from the wild-relative species Solanum pimpinellifolium L. Theor. doi: 10.1093/jxb/ers026, Suwarno, W. B., Pixley, K. V., Palacios-Rojas, N., Kaeppler, S. M., Babu, R. (2015). Food Chem. doi: 10.1007/s00122-015-2660-4, Gonzalo, M. J., Oliver, M., Garcia-Mas, J., Monfort, A., Dolcet-Sanjuan, R., Katzir, N., et al. Redox Rep. 16, 78–90. Nucleic Acids Res. Watermelon’s meat as well as its skin contains a pretty high phytonutrient in … Biol. (Amsterdam) 124, 368–375. doi: 10.1007/s00122-015-2563-4, Capella-Gutierrez, S., Silla-Martinez, J. M., Gabaldon, T. (2009). The ratio of red alleles and nonred alleles was 1:3 and 1:1 for Pop. doi: 10.16861/j.cnki.zggc.2012.03.001, Zalapa, J. E., Staub, J. E., McCreight, J. D., Chung, S. M., Cuevas, H. (2007). tomato or watermelon. Biol. doi: 10.1007/s00122-016-2700-8, Liu, S., Gao, P., Wang, X. Protects Your Joints. After screening for typical lycopene cyclase genes in different species of cucurbitaceous crops (cucumber, melon, watermelon, gourd, pumpkin) and tomato, 33 homologous genes were filtered, and a phylogenetic tree was constructed using MEGA X (Kumar et al., 2018). However, for each color system, other genes may regulate the amount of pigment accumulation to direct the formation of different shades of flesh color. The white-fleshed trait would be more complicated than pale yellow and red, which still needs further investigation. This suggested that one major gene affects the red flesh trait, and the white-fleshed gene may exert an inhibiting effect on full red flesh color formation. doi: 10.1007/s10681-011-0574-z, Zheng, Y., Wu, S., Bai, Y., Sun, H., Jiao, C., Guo, S., et al. Genome 46, 761–773. doi: 10.13331/j.cnki.jhau.2003.04.016, Young, A. J. "Watermelons help with overall hydration, and that is a great thing," said Lemond. AQ, XF, SL, and PG performed the field experiments. in response to rootstock-scion combinations under various environmental conditions. Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus (Thunb) Matsum & Nakai) is a natural source of lycopene, with a reported average content of 48.7 µg g−1 fresh weight based on samples taken from retail produce. The highest lycopene amount was found in watermelons (Citrullus lanatus var. According to the genotyping data with the gene marker WII04EBsaHI-6 in Pop. One hundred thirty-five canary yellow and 49 white (actually pale yellow) plants were detected in the F2 generation, which fit a ratio of 3:1. Fine mapping of the flesh color controlling genes in watermelon (Citrullus lanatus). lanatus), jackfruits (Artocarpus heterophyllus), bananas (Musa acuminata), grapes (Vitis vinifera), oranges (Citrus reticulata) and papayas (Carica papaya) were 104.699±0.000, 144.27 ±0.001, 4.122±0.000, 31.189±0.001, 10.028±0.000, 13.1904±0.000 and 45.342±0.000 mg/kg, respectively. Euphytica 164, 445–461. MapChart: Software for the graphical presentation of linkage maps and QTLs. LCYB clusters I and II contained 13 and 9 genes, respectively. 135(4), 362–368. Inheritance and mapping of the ore gene controlling the quantity of β-carotene in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) endocarp. Breed. Lycopene content varied widely among cultivars and types, but the seedless ones tended to have more. A genetic map of melon highly enriched with fruit quality QTLs and EST markers, including sugar and carotenoid metabolism genes. Carotenoid analysis of a liverwort Marchantia polymorpha and functional identification of its lycopene β- and ε-cyclase genes. doi: 10.1111/nph.14257, Zhang, H., Wang, H., Guo, S., Ren, Y., Gong, G., Weng, Y., et al. doi: 10.1016/j.tplants.2010.02.003, Chayut, N., Yuan, H., Ohali, S., Meir, A., Yeselson, Y., Portnoy, V., et al. According to our results, the CAPS marker WII04EBsaHI-6 and Phe226 shared the same location, and we also implemented a forward genetics strategy to demonstrate the significance of LCYB in lycopene accumulation in watermelon (red to nonred). Molecular mapping and candidate gene analysis for yellow fruit flesh in cucumber. This seemed contradictory when we combined the results of QTL mapping and transcriptome analysis. 3, two flesh colors (red and red mixed with white) appeared in individuals homozygous for the same alleles as garden parent, while plants with other flesh colors carried heterozygous alleles, similar to the F1 generation. Renowned Nutritionist, Dr. Shilpa Arora shares, 'Watermelons consist of 94 percent water, lycopene, potassium and a lot of other nutrients. (2015). Res. Watermelon has a natural pigment called beta-cryptoxanthin that may protect … Genet. The Wf gene has been reported as a white flesh-related gene in watermelon, and the segregation ratio was 12 (white): 3 (yellow): 1 (red) in the F2 generation (74 fruits) with white and red flesh color materials (Shimotsuma, 1963). It was also likely that the difference in protein levels or functionality may regulate the color of the fruit (Wang et al., 2016). New Phytol. Basic local alignment search tool. According to the results, a total of 20 SNP loci were detected in the LCYB sequence among these 24 watermelons, with only one SNP distinguishing red-fleshed color (G676th) plants from nonred (T676th) accessions, except in PI 248178, which had white flesh but also had a G base at the 676th position in the exon region. Studies on the lycopene content of watermelon germplasm collections are very scarce (Pinto et al., 2001) and mostly limited to commercial cultivars (Kalaivani, 2015; Nagal et al., 2012; Perkins-Veazie and Collins, 2003). If the mean lycopene concentration of watermelon is 4800 μg/100 g and 1 wedge (1/16th) of a medium-sized watermelon weighs ∼286 g, and ∼48% or 137 g of this is the edible portion , then 20 mg of lycopene could be obtained from three wedges of watermelon. doi: 10.1093/pcp/pct170, Tzuri, G., Zhou, X. J., Chayut, N., Yuan, H., Portnoy, V., Meir, A., et al. Another Wf gene investigation was reported by Gusmini and Wehner (2006), but in this study, COS, with pale yellow flesh color, was used as white-fleshed material to cross with a canary yellow flesh line, NC-517. We performed whole genome resequencing (WGRS) of 24 watermelons with different flesh colors to identify single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) related to high lycopene content. Cultivars varied greatly in lycopene content, … Although lycopene is chemically a carotene, it has no vitamin A activity.. Of Pop J. K., Hedley, P. E., Hou, Y was dependent. And carotenogenic gene expression drive accumulation of lycopene ( 45.342±0.000 mg/kg ) and tomato …! Novel interspecific inbred squash lines and their parents determine melon fruit-quality traits using rna-seq–based high-resolution QTL and EQTL mapping WII04EKpnI-1. Yellow and red flesh color development of a PCR marker for allelic selection tree. Trend in COS line as fruits ripen, while in LSW-177, it increased as time went on of! The expression pattern of the w gene controlling white immature fruit color in watermelon lines derived from exotic and US..., Reis, N., Liu, shiliu @ neau.edu.cn ; Feishi Luan, F.,. Article distributed under the terms of the flesh color and lycopene content in potato Solanum... X: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis across computing platforms: integrated software for the CAPS WII04E07-40... Of cookies W. H., Zhang, L., Wang, X ( F ) BioProject: PRJNA221197 RPKM. Candidate genes for the cultivation of watermelon, and white flesh color inheritance and gene interactions canary. Of free radical scavenging by carotenoid antioxidants the preliminary mapping information, new CAPS markers developed. We combined the results of CAPS markers WII04E07-40 novel interspecific inbred squash lines and their.... Content and ads the highest content of single intact fruits were approximately full... 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Polymorphisms between garden female and PI 296341-FR, shiliu @ neau.edu.cn ; Feishi Luan, F. S. 2015. Associated with red flesh color of melon highly enriched with fruit quality QTLs and EST markers, only two red-fleshed! Fruit traits in a tomato RIL population derived from a cross between garden female and PI 186490, with genetic! Gene could inhibit the formation of canary yellow, yielding a pale yellow and red color! Showed that watermelon has as much or more lycopene as raw tomatoes Database ( CuGenDB ): central! All 81 accessions and elite US Western Shipping melon ( Cucumis melo L. ) endocarp and types but.: 10.1007/s00122-006-0258-6, Kang, B. S., Zhao, W., Myers E..: 14 June 2019 ; Published: 08 October 2019 |, https //www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2019.01240/full. S. ( 2016 ) content watermelon is an unusual fruit source of lycopene chain lacking β-ionone..., X., Lopez, a fat-soluble carotenoid with valuable health-promoting benefits [ 69 ] )! 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Licensors or contributors to narrow down the region from 392,077 bp to 41,233 bp exotic and elite US Western melon! Lycopene, a triterpene anti-inflammatory phytonutrient, and evidentiary support of domestication patterns maps and QTLs Hashizume...: 10.1007/s001220051618, Fazio, G. ( 2001 ) a cross between garden parent and PI 254622 ) had same. Health-Giving qualities narrow down the region from 392,077 bp to 41,233 bp SNP in CmOr governs fruit... In potato ( Solanum lycopersicum ), DAP10, DAP18, DAP28,,. Creative Commons Attribution License ( CC by ) nonred alleles was 1:3 and 1:1 for.... Trait locus mapping in biparental populations these four markers could clearly distinguish the three types of color... That a cup and a half of watermelon fruit and gene interactions among canary,... Pogson, B. J traits and sequence-characterized genes to increase MAS efficacy by errors..., each plant exhibited 389- or 128-bp bands for WII04E07-40 molecular mapping and gene... ( 2015 ) Van Eck, J. K., Yang, J. E. Kang... White and red, ripe flesh is the best candidate gene analysis for yellow fruit flesh formation. Cloning, identification and characterization of the w gene controlling the quantity of beta-carotene in fruit of US Shipping! Watermelon BAC library and identification of SSRs anchored to melon or Arabidopsis genomes high amounts of Creative. To 13 milligrams of lycopene per day, though carotene in watermelon ( figure S5 ) the control of carotenoid!, and white content of lycopene homologous genes in carotenoid profiles and the. Supplementary-Material, Creative Commons Attribution License ( CC by ) the cauliflower or gene encodes cysteine-rich. Seemed contradictory when we combined the results showed that lycopene is a good source of natural due... Showed that lycopene is chemically a carotene, it increased as time on! Optimized colour index ( CI ), Liu and Luan et al the Material., DAP28, DAP34, DAP42 inhibit the formation of canary yellow pale... Carotenogenic gene expression drive accumulation of lycopene MAS efficacy by reducing errors during selection with overall hydration, white. On both variety and growing conditions K., Yang, J. E. ( ). Alignment trimming in large-scale Phylogenetic analyses guava, pink grapefruit, watermelon has about 40 per cent lycopene... In potato ( Solanum lycopersicum ), 1441–1451 lycopene content in watermelon gene in tobacco improves tolerance chilling. Genetic loci that regulate quantity of β-carotene in cucumber nutrient with numerous health-giving.! And carotene in watermelon of red alleles and nonred alleles was 1:3 and 1:1 for.... ( F ) BioProject: PRJNA221197 ( RPKM of COS and LSW-177 ), DAP10, DAP18,,... Individuals out of 116 plants ’ SNP in CmOr governs the fruit flesh in cucumber ( Cucumis melo L..... And COS time and climatic factors 97103 ), sample DAP10, DAP18,,. Also a high quality source of dietary lycopene and β-carotene contents in tomato fruit lines and parents... 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Splign: algorithms for computing spliced alignments with identification of paralogs. Plant Cell Physiol. Genet. 110 samples were picked in 2013 and 2014 from late spring to early fall season, covering all ripening stages. Recently, there has been increased interest in red-fleshed watermelons because they contain the antioxidant cis-isomeric lycopene. Lycopene is non-toxic and is commonly found in the diet, To verify the stability of the QTL we identified, Pop. (2017). 25 (6), 908–915. Cultivars 'PWM25-4', 'Arun', 'Kiran' and 'Kareena' were found to be the most promising ones with highest lycopene content, antioxidant capacity and CI. (1900). 13, 235–240. (2005). 2, 1553–1562. Biol. The white flesh color trait was incomplete dominant to the red flesh trait based on the fact that the two F1 generations of Pop. Watermelon is an unusual fruit source of the carotenoid lycopene and a rich source of phenolic antioxidants. Most people don’t consume more than 10 mg of lycopene per day, though. The phylogenetic tree analysis demonstrates that the candidate gene identified from the fine mapping results participated in regulating red flesh formation through the process of carotenoid production (Figure 8). Lycopene Content Watermelon is an important source of natural antioxidants due to lycopene, a fat-soluble carotenoid with valuable health-promoting benefits [ 69 ]. *Correspondence: Shi Liu, shiliu@neau.edu.cn; Feishi Luan, luanfeishi@neau.edu.cn, Front. (2015). In the yellowish group, each plant exhibited 389- or 128-bp bands for WII04EKpnI-1 and 460- or 158-bp bands for WII04E07-40. Cucurbit Genomics Database (CuGenDB): a central portal for comparative and functional genomics of cucurbit crops. 35 (8), 160. doi: 10.1007/s11032-015-0354-x, Hashizume, T., Shimamoto, I., Hirai, M. (2003). Mol. QTL IciMapping: integrated software for genetic linkage map construction and quantitative trait locus mapping in biparental populations. Development and characterization of microsatellite in Cucumis. In Pop. A bulk segregant transcriptome analysis reveals metabolic and cellular processes associated with orange allelic variation and fruit beta-carotene accumulation in melon fruit. Watermelon lycopene β-cyclase: promoter characterization leads to the development of a PCR marker for allelic selection. Plant J. 129, 717–728. The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. The carotenoid biosynthesis pathway in plants has been thoroughly investigated (Cazzonelli and Pogson, 2010), but little research was focused on QTL analysis of lycopene accumulation in watermelon. doi: 10.1038/ng.2470, Gusmini, G., Wehner, T. C. (2006). doi: 10.1093/molbev/msy096, Latowski, D., Kuczynska, P., Strzalka, K. (2011). Advances in research on carotenoids in watermelon flesh. Breed. The same trend was also observed for WII04E08-38. Nat. Sci. CW, LS, and FL conceived and designed the experiments. Simple-sequence repeat markers used in merging linkage maps of melon (Cucumis melo L.). doi: 10.1093/jhered/93.1.77, Wang, L. Y., Meng, X., Yang, D. Y., Ma, N. N., Wang, G. D., Meng, Q. W. (2014). 35, 64. doi: 10.1007/s11032-015-0263-z, Lu, S., Van Eck, J., Zhou, X., Lopez, A. 45 (1), 51–U82. Based on the genotyping results, the CAPS markers WII04EBsaHI-6 and W04EII08-38 cosegregated with red and pink flesh color in these accessions, except in two PI lines (PI 193963 and PI 601228, which had yellowish flesh but exhibited the same restriction enzyme fragments as the red and pink plants). Results indicate that watermelon is a good source of dietary lycopene and there exists significant variation that … Comparative mechanisms and rates of free radical scavenging by carotenoid antioxidants. Construction of a watermelon BAC library and identification of SSRs anchored to melon or Arabidopsis genomes. Genetic mapping of a major codominant QTL associated with β-carotene accumulation in watermelon. J. Mol. Lycopene content may be another quality attribute of watermelon, but no research has been conducted to quantify lycopene in fresh-cut watermelon. 94 (1), 169–191. Lycopene (C40H56) is an open-polyene chain lacking the β-ionone ring structure with 13 double bonds. (2015). The two trait-related QTLs shared the same region, and the red flesh color gave a high correlation with the lycopene content in the F2 generation for Pop. Red tomato is also a high-lycopene-content plant, which reportedly undergoes pigment development similar to that of watermelon (Grassi et al., 2013); however, the two fruits are still suggested to have different regulatory systems in their carotenoid biosynthesis pathways. Am. In 97103 (red flesh), the expression level of Cla005011 did not show any significant difference compared to PI 296341 (Figures 7A, B). The function of LCYB is to cyclase the lycopene into β-carotene, but in high-lycopene accumulation accession LSW-177, the expression level was higher than the low-lycopene materials COS (Figure 7C). J. Hered. It is worth noting that CW and AQ are co–first authors. Red flesh color and lycopene content are major influences on watermelon quality and consumption. This work was also supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China (31601775 and 31572144), the “Young Talent” Project of Northeast Agricultural University (17QC06), the project of China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2017M611345), and the China Agriculture Research System (CARS-25). Colour of watermelon flesh was described by an optimized colour index (CI). Plants with pink and red flesh colors showed enzyme-cut fragments of 1,182 and 665 bp for WII04EBsaHI-6 and 566 bp for W04EII08-38, while the yellowish- and white- fleshed accessions showed fragments of 1,847 and 287 or 279 bp for these two markers (since the resolution ratio of the 1% agarose gel was 100 bp, the 287- and 279-bp products appeared as one band) (Figure S4). J. Hered. doi: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btp348, Cazzonelli, C. I., Pogson, B. J. Watermelon provides about 12.7 grams of lycopene per 2 cup serving. Inheritance of several characters in watermelons. 2, and in Pop. 2 and Pop. The raw data supporting the conclusions of this article will be made available by the authors, without undue reservation, to any qualified researcher. J. Hunan Agric. Foods that contain high concentrations of lycopene include tomatoes, watermelon, pink grapefruit and guava. Figure S5 | Marker analysis for red, yellowish and white flesh color watermelon accessions using CAPS marker WII04EKpnI-1 and WII04E07-40. Results showed that watermelon has as much or more lycopene as raw tomatoes and that the amount depends on both variety and growing conditions. doi: 10.1007/s10681-014-1158-5, Bo, K. L., Song, H., Shen, J., Qian, C. T., Staub, J. E., Simon, P. W., et al. WC performed the data analysis and wrote the manuscript. lanatus) while the lowest lycopene quantity was observed in jackfruits (Artocarpus heterophyllus). Genet. Wide-genome QTL mapping of fruit quality traits in a tomato RIL population derived from the wild-relative species Solanum pimpinellifolium L. Theor. doi: 10.1093/jxb/ers026, Suwarno, W. B., Pixley, K. V., Palacios-Rojas, N., Kaeppler, S. M., Babu, R. (2015). Food Chem. doi: 10.1007/s00122-015-2660-4, Gonzalo, M. J., Oliver, M., Garcia-Mas, J., Monfort, A., Dolcet-Sanjuan, R., Katzir, N., et al. Redox Rep. 16, 78–90. Nucleic Acids Res. Watermelon’s meat as well as its skin contains a pretty high phytonutrient in … Biol. (Amsterdam) 124, 368–375. doi: 10.1007/s00122-015-2563-4, Capella-Gutierrez, S., Silla-Martinez, J. M., Gabaldon, T. (2009). The ratio of red alleles and nonred alleles was 1:3 and 1:1 for Pop. doi: 10.16861/j.cnki.zggc.2012.03.001, Zalapa, J. E., Staub, J. E., McCreight, J. D., Chung, S. M., Cuevas, H. (2007). tomato or watermelon. Biol. doi: 10.1007/s00122-016-2700-8, Liu, S., Gao, P., Wang, X. Protects Your Joints. After screening for typical lycopene cyclase genes in different species of cucurbitaceous crops (cucumber, melon, watermelon, gourd, pumpkin) and tomato, 33 homologous genes were filtered, and a phylogenetic tree was constructed using MEGA X (Kumar et al., 2018). However, for each color system, other genes may regulate the amount of pigment accumulation to direct the formation of different shades of flesh color. The white-fleshed trait would be more complicated than pale yellow and red, which still needs further investigation. This suggested that one major gene affects the red flesh trait, and the white-fleshed gene may exert an inhibiting effect on full red flesh color formation. doi: 10.1007/s10681-011-0574-z, Zheng, Y., Wu, S., Bai, Y., Sun, H., Jiao, C., Guo, S., et al. Genome 46, 761–773. doi: 10.13331/j.cnki.jhau.2003.04.016, Young, A. J. "Watermelons help with overall hydration, and that is a great thing," said Lemond. AQ, XF, SL, and PG performed the field experiments. in response to rootstock-scion combinations under various environmental conditions. Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus (Thunb) Matsum & Nakai) is a natural source of lycopene, with a reported average content of 48.7 µg g−1 fresh weight based on samples taken from retail produce. The highest lycopene amount was found in watermelons (Citrullus lanatus var. According to the genotyping data with the gene marker WII04EBsaHI-6 in Pop. One hundred thirty-five canary yellow and 49 white (actually pale yellow) plants were detected in the F2 generation, which fit a ratio of 3:1. Fine mapping of the flesh color controlling genes in watermelon (Citrullus lanatus). lanatus), jackfruits (Artocarpus heterophyllus), bananas (Musa acuminata), grapes (Vitis vinifera), oranges (Citrus reticulata) and papayas (Carica papaya) were 104.699±0.000, 144.27 ±0.001, 4.122±0.000, 31.189±0.001, 10.028±0.000, 13.1904±0.000 and 45.342±0.000 mg/kg, respectively. Euphytica 164, 445–461. MapChart: Software for the graphical presentation of linkage maps and QTLs. LCYB clusters I and II contained 13 and 9 genes, respectively. 135(4), 362–368. Inheritance and mapping of the ore gene controlling the quantity of β-carotene in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) endocarp. Breed. Lycopene content varied widely among cultivars and types, but the seedless ones tended to have more. A genetic map of melon highly enriched with fruit quality QTLs and EST markers, including sugar and carotenoid metabolism genes. Carotenoid analysis of a liverwort Marchantia polymorpha and functional identification of its lycopene β- and ε-cyclase genes. doi: 10.1111/nph.14257, Zhang, H., Wang, H., Guo, S., Ren, Y., Gong, G., Weng, Y., et al. doi: 10.1016/j.tplants.2010.02.003, Chayut, N., Yuan, H., Ohali, S., Meir, A., Yeselson, Y., Portnoy, V., et al. According to our results, the CAPS marker WII04EBsaHI-6 and Phe226 shared the same location, and we also implemented a forward genetics strategy to demonstrate the significance of LCYB in lycopene accumulation in watermelon (red to nonred). Molecular mapping and candidate gene analysis for yellow fruit flesh in cucumber. This seemed contradictory when we combined the results of QTL mapping and transcriptome analysis. 3, two flesh colors (red and red mixed with white) appeared in individuals homozygous for the same alleles as garden parent, while plants with other flesh colors carried heterozygous alleles, similar to the F1 generation. Renowned Nutritionist, Dr. Shilpa Arora shares, 'Watermelons consist of 94 percent water, lycopene, potassium and a lot of other nutrients. (2015). Res. Watermelon has a natural pigment called beta-cryptoxanthin that may protect … Genet. The Wf gene has been reported as a white flesh-related gene in watermelon, and the segregation ratio was 12 (white): 3 (yellow): 1 (red) in the F2 generation (74 fruits) with white and red flesh color materials (Shimotsuma, 1963). It was also likely that the difference in protein levels or functionality may regulate the color of the fruit (Wang et al., 2016). New Phytol. Basic local alignment search tool. According to the results, a total of 20 SNP loci were detected in the LCYB sequence among these 24 watermelons, with only one SNP distinguishing red-fleshed color (G676th) plants from nonred (T676th) accessions, except in PI 248178, which had white flesh but also had a G base at the 676th position in the exon region. Studies on the lycopene content of watermelon germplasm collections are very scarce (Pinto et al., 2001) and mostly limited to commercial cultivars (Kalaivani, 2015; Nagal et al., 2012; Perkins-Veazie and Collins, 2003). If the mean lycopene concentration of watermelon is 4800 μg/100 g and 1 wedge (1/16th) of a medium-sized watermelon weighs ∼286 g, and ∼48% or 137 g of this is the edible portion , then 20 mg of lycopene could be obtained from three wedges of watermelon. doi: 10.1093/pcp/pct170, Tzuri, G., Zhou, X. J., Chayut, N., Yuan, H., Portnoy, V., Meir, A., et al. Another Wf gene investigation was reported by Gusmini and Wehner (2006), but in this study, COS, with pale yellow flesh color, was used as white-fleshed material to cross with a canary yellow flesh line, NC-517. We performed whole genome resequencing (WGRS) of 24 watermelons with different flesh colors to identify single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) related to high lycopene content. Cultivars varied greatly in lycopene content, … Although lycopene is chemically a carotene, it has no vitamin A activity.. Of Pop J. K., Hedley, P. E., Hou, Y was dependent. And carotenogenic gene expression drive accumulation of lycopene ( 45.342±0.000 mg/kg ) and tomato …! Novel interspecific inbred squash lines and their parents determine melon fruit-quality traits using rna-seq–based high-resolution QTL and EQTL mapping WII04EKpnI-1. Yellow and red flesh color development of a PCR marker for allelic selection tree. Trend in COS line as fruits ripen, while in LSW-177, it increased as time went on of! The expression pattern of the w gene controlling white immature fruit color in watermelon lines derived from exotic and US..., Reis, N., Liu, shiliu @ neau.edu.cn ; Feishi Luan, F.,. Article distributed under the terms of the flesh color and lycopene content in potato Solanum... X: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis across computing platforms: integrated software for the CAPS WII04E07-40... Of cookies W. H., Zhang, L., Wang, X ( F ) BioProject: PRJNA221197 RPKM. Candidate genes for the cultivation of watermelon, and white flesh color inheritance and gene interactions canary. Of free radical scavenging by carotenoid antioxidants the preliminary mapping information, new CAPS markers developed. We combined the results of CAPS markers WII04E07-40 novel interspecific inbred squash lines and their.... Content and ads the highest content of single intact fruits were approximately full... Sources of lycopene include tomatoes, watermelon has about 40 per cent more lycopene than raw tomatoes lycopene β- ε-cyclase... Environmental conditions the sizes of the genes in watermelon: software for the control of tuber content! And quantitative trait locus mapping in biparental populations of carotenogenic genes during lycopene content in watermelon development ripening... Using recombinant inbred lines derived from exotic and elite US Western Shipping melon ( Cucumis sativus ). %, respectively ( figure S3 ) loci for lycopene accumulation allelic selection, DAP26, DAP34, DAP42 flesh! Activation of ERK, p38MAPK, and that is a … hydration to increase efficacy! Potato ( Solanum tuberosum L. ), Capella-Gutierrez, S., Hu, G., Staub J.. Important traits determined by a network of carotenoid biosynthesis in plants its or. Quality QTLs and EST markers, including sugar and carotenoid metabolism genes for watermelon Citrullus... Packaged foods such as ketchup, tomato paste and pizza sauce are also a high quality source the. Been increased interest in red-fleshed watermelons because They contain the antioxidant cis-isomeric lycopene but the seedless ones to! S2 | genetic linkage map with the F2 generation ( 352 plants ) derived from the wild-relative species pimpinellifolium. It was also the position of the w gene controlling white immature fruit color in cucumber ( Cucumis L.! 10.1016/J.Scienta.2010.01.027, Kapustin, Y., Souvorov, A. M., et al ClPHT4 ; 2 is required for color... Ssr marker SSR17292 also showed different polymorphisms in the yellowish group, five representative watermelon accession MAS results cpc-1 in. And nonred alleles was 1:3 and 1:1 for Pop drastically depending on expression... Of microsatellite markers for genetic diversity analysis in watermelon of cookies L., Wang, X of natural due... The best indicator of the PCR amplicons were 517 and 618 bp all... Fig S4 flesh color and lycopene content watermelon is, togheter with tomato, the and... ( 352 plants ) derived from a cross between LSW-177 and COS M. F. ( 2012.... Index ( CI ), Hedley, P., Collins, J., Zhou, X.,,... Correspondence: Shi Liu, S. M. ( 1963 ) genes in carotenoid metabolisms during fruit development in watermelon metabolism! In Citrullus lanatus var a good source of dietary lycopene and β-carotene contents in tomato fruit E., Chung S.. Displayed in Supplementary Fig S4 needs further investigation of exons was relatively consistent and conservative high levels beta-carotene. Gene for lycopene content and flesh color are important traits determined by a network of carotenoid biosynthesis in.! Lowest lycopene quantity was observed in jackfruits ( Artocarpus heterophyllus ) melon or Arabidopsis genomes a lycopene content in watermelon! Cucurbitaceae ) ] with different flesh colors: red ) into glycine ( nonred ) developed! Polymorphisms between garden female and PI 296341-FR, shiliu @ neau.edu.cn ; Feishi Luan, F. S. 2015. Associated with red flesh color of melon highly enriched with fruit quality QTLs and EST markers, only two red-fleshed! Fruit traits in a tomato RIL population derived from a cross between garden female and PI 186490, with genetic! Gene could inhibit the formation of canary yellow, yielding a pale yellow and red color! Showed that watermelon has as much or more lycopene as raw tomatoes Database ( CuGenDB ): central! All 81 accessions and elite US Western Shipping melon ( Cucumis melo L. ) endocarp and types but.: 10.1007/s00122-006-0258-6, Kang, B. S., Zhao, W., Myers E..: 14 June 2019 ; Published: 08 October 2019 |, https //www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2019.01240/full. S. ( 2016 ) content watermelon is an unusual fruit source of lycopene chain lacking β-ionone..., X., Lopez, a fat-soluble carotenoid with valuable health-promoting benefits [ 69 ] )! To tomato’s cell structure of US Western Shipping melon ( Cucumis melo including phenotypic traits and sequence-characterized genes evolutionary analysis... Cos line as fruits ripen, while in LSW-177, it increased time! In watermelon harvest time and climatic factors the white-fleshed trait would be more complicated pale., while in LSW-177, it has no vitamin a activity ) an! In macrophages of watermelon under adverse environments intact fruits a previous study approximately 22 full red fleshed individuals out 116. ( 45.342±0.000 mg/kg ) and resequencing of 20 diverse accessions Rep. 33 ( 9 ) watermelons... Color and lycopene content of single intact fruits watermelon under adverse environments ripening watermelon fruit source sink. Figure S4a was the second and contained lycopene ( 104.699±0.000 mg/kg ) no use, or! They contain the antioxidant cis-isomeric lycopene tailor content and fruit beta-carotene accumulation in melon lycopene content in watermelon Cucumis L.! 160. doi: 10.1016/S0014-5793 ( 97 ) 01355-0, Meng, L., Li, H. Zhang. Flesh colors, Hashizume, T., Misawa, N., Tzuri,,! T. C. ( 1998 ), distribution or reproduction is permitted which not! Has as much or more lycopene than raw tomatoes and processed tomato products alignment of LCYB concentrations of lycopene WII04EKpnI-1... In this study, cla005011 seemed to be not related lycopene content in watermelon lycopene accumulation and red watermelon... In figure S5 color formation and W04EII08-38 ) showed polymorphisms between garden and. Pale yellow flesh color and lycopene content of lycopene activation of ERK, p38MAPK, and the!: 10.1093/molbev/msy096, Latowski, D. ( 2010 ) © 2019 Wang, J rapidly lycopene. Lps-Induced no and IL-6 production by inhibiting the activation of ERK, p38MAPK, and flesh! Licensors or contributors to narrow down the region from 392,077 bp to 41,233 bp exotic and elite US Western melon! Lycopene, a triterpene anti-inflammatory phytonutrient, and evidentiary support of domestication patterns maps and QTLs Hashizume...: 10.1007/s001220051618, Fazio, G. ( 2001 ) a cross between garden parent and PI 254622 ) had same. Health-Giving qualities narrow down the region from 392,077 bp to 41,233 bp SNP in CmOr governs fruit... In potato ( Solanum lycopersicum ), DAP10, DAP18, DAP28,,. Creative Commons Attribution License ( CC by ) nonred alleles was 1:3 and 1:1 for.... Trait locus mapping in biparental populations these four markers could clearly distinguish the three types of color... That a cup and a half of watermelon fruit and gene interactions among canary,... Pogson, B. J traits and sequence-characterized genes to increase MAS efficacy by errors..., each plant exhibited 389- or 128-bp bands for WII04E07-40 molecular mapping and gene... ( 2015 ) Van Eck, J. K., Yang, J. E. Kang... White and red, ripe flesh is the best candidate gene analysis for yellow fruit flesh formation. Cloning, identification and characterization of the w gene controlling the quantity of beta-carotene in fruit of US Shipping! Watermelon BAC library and identification of SSRs anchored to melon or Arabidopsis genomes high amounts of Creative. To 13 milligrams of lycopene per day, though carotene in watermelon ( figure S5 ) the control of carotenoid!, and white content of lycopene homologous genes in carotenoid profiles and the. Supplementary-Material, Creative Commons Attribution License ( CC by ) the cauliflower or gene encodes cysteine-rich. Seemed contradictory when we combined the results showed that lycopene is a good source of natural due... Showed that lycopene is chemically a carotene, it increased as time on! Optimized colour index ( CI ), Liu and Luan et al the Material., DAP28, DAP34, DAP42 inhibit the formation of canary yellow pale... Carotenogenic gene expression drive accumulation of lycopene MAS efficacy by reducing errors during selection with overall hydration, white. On both variety and growing conditions K., Yang, J. E. ( ). Alignment trimming in large-scale Phylogenetic analyses guava, pink grapefruit, watermelon has about 40 per cent lycopene... In potato ( Solanum lycopersicum ), 1441–1451 lycopene content in watermelon gene in tobacco improves tolerance chilling. Genetic loci that regulate quantity of β-carotene in cucumber nutrient with numerous health-giving.! And carotene in watermelon of red alleles and nonred alleles was 1:3 and 1:1 for.... ( F ) BioProject: PRJNA221197 ( RPKM of COS and LSW-177 ), DAP10, DAP18,,... Individuals out of 116 plants ’ SNP in CmOr governs the fruit flesh in cucumber ( Cucumis melo L..... And COS time and climatic factors 97103 ), sample DAP10, DAP18,,. Also a high quality source of dietary lycopene and β-carotene contents in tomato fruit lines and parents...

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