The EC name and number are the official identifiers for substances within the European Union and can be found in the EC Inventory. H dimensionless volumetric basis provides substance information on the substance’s Henry’s Law Constant in dimensionless volumetric basis at a temperature measured in °C and a pressure measured in Pascal. ECHA has no public registered data on the use of this substance in activities or processes at the workplace. The Hazard classification and labelling section uses the signal word, pictogram(s) and hazard statements of the substance under the harmonised classification and labelling (CLH) as its primary source of information. Data is generally displayed in milligrams per kilogram in the case of soil (dry/wet weight), or gram per hectare. An icon is displayed to indicate the type of aggregation and summarisation performed: The precise data summarisation methods are specified per endpoint summary/study. If multiple values are available, the most conservative value (the highest percentage) is displayed. Furthermore, updates in the source data may not always result in an update of the Brief Profile. As with any bioproduction, a biocatalyst is required and there are many microorganisms in existence that can perform this transformation. Sed elementum odio augue, eget iaculis lorem faucibus vel. This section summarises the values related to toxicity to mammals (other above-ground organisms) from all registered dossiers for the substance. This substance is used in the following products: adsorbents, fertilisers, inks and toners, washing & cleaning products and water softeners. Information in the ‘Scientific properties’ section is structured by substance properties, further broken down into endpoints. Long-term EC10 or LC10 or NOEC for terrestrial plants provides substance information on the substance’s effect concentration or lethal concentration (long term) for 10% of the terrestrial plants in the test, or the no observed effect concentration for terrestrial plants. Data for workers – eye exposure provides information on the substance’s hazard assessment conclusions regarding eye exposure (for workers). After evaluation, proposals may be made for further regulatory action regarding the substance. This section searches three sources for information (harmonised classification and labelling (CLH), REACH registrations and CLP notifications). Registrants can identify their substance as being a mono-constituent substance, multi-constituent substance, UVCB, polymer or specify another type. BOD5*100/COD provides substance information on the substance’s BOD5*100/COD values displayed in O2 (milli)gram per gram test material. Displayed is the most conservative of the prioritised value(s). Other identifiers. This substance is used in the following activities or processes at workplace: closed batch processing in synthesis or formulation, transfer of chemicals, closed processes with no likelihood of exposure, transfer of substance into small containers, closed, continuous processes with occasional controlled exposure, batch processing in synthesis or formulation with opportunity for exposure and mixing in open batch processes. More than two weeks should pass before a second course is given. If there is more than one result with the same value, data is further prioritised by test type and endpoint conclusion. Contents. Other identifiers gives any other non-name identifiers available for ths substance. For this endpoint registrants do not provide study results that are processable for the Brief Profile. The total number of non-confidential registered compositions submitted in REACH dossiers are displayed here. Direct PKA activation by succinate was further confirmed using a FRET-based A-kinase activity reporter. Since a two dimensional chemical structure can be drawn in various ways, there are several correct SMILES notations for one molecule. Dissipation Half-life of parent compound provides substance information on the substance’s dissipation half-life for the parent compound per second/minute/hour/day/week/month/year. More information on processable studies and data-waiving is available in the section help of the ‘Scientific properties’ header . Data is generally displayed in milligram per litre or molar per litre. Additionally, if available, information on the use of the substance and how consumers and workers are likely to be exposed to it can also be displayed here. The Brief Profile is produced based on data in ECHA’s databases and maintained by the Agency, and therefore the Brief Profile as a dissemination tool falls under ECHA’s responsibility. If so, the data provided is not processed for the Brief Profile.Prioritization by test species: Processable data for the summary is prioritised by test species (see list below) and subsequently further prioritised by the dose descriptor. Pow provides substance information on the partition coefficient type Pow at a temperature measured in °C and acidity in pH. The five highest priority groupings of provided data are displayed in milligram per litre or molar per litre. If no data is available in the registered substance dossiers, this will be indicated by a notification stating ‘Data not provided by the registrant’. Note: Registrants can also select ‘other’ as the test species. Values are generally displayed in milligram per litre. The information has not been reviewed or verified by ECHA or any other authority. Registrants can choose from the following picklist endpoint conclusions: If an adverse effect is observed, data can be provided as LD 50 or discriminating dose, displayed here in milligrams per kilogram bodyweight. Displayed are the RANGES of min – max of the PRIORITISED value(s) within the five highest priority groupings of provided data. Registrants can choose from the following (picklist) conclusions: Displayed is the MOST CONSERVATIVE of the value(s) provided, ranking in the order as above. 7 EC10 / LC10 or NOEC for freshwater algae provides substance information on the substance’s effect concentration/lethal concentration for 10% of the tested freshwater algea or the no observed effect concentration for freshwater algae. Note: Registrants can also select ‘other’ as the picklist conclusion. The succinic acid market is a capital–intensive market, and the downtime involved with the penetration of succinic acid as an intermediate to the existing material/application also causes significant loss to the end-use industries. Registrants can identify the origin of their substance as being: If more than one type of substance is registered, both types will be displayed. Data is generally displayed in milligrams per litre. Also, if the registrant selects the ‘mg/100 g solvent’; ‘g/kg solvent’; ‘ppb’; ‘vol%’ and ‘other’ as a unit of measure, the data provided will not be processed for the Brief Profile. EC50/LC50 for marine sediment provides substance information on the substance’s effect concentration or lethal concentration for 50% of the model organisms feeding off the marine sediment, generally displayed in milligrams per kilogram (dry weight). This brief profile is covered by the ECHA Legal Notice. pH of Succinic Acid. ARD, 1 Route de BAZANCOURT 51110 POMACLE France, Bootman Chemical Safety Ltd 019, Diss Business Centre IP21 4HD Diss United Kingdom, CHEMICAL INSPECTION & REGULATION SERVICE LIMITED, Regus Harcourt Centre D02 HW77 Dublin Ireland, DKSH Great Britain Ltd., 3 London Bridge Street 3rd Floor, News Building SE1 9SG London United Kingdom, EcoMundo (OR for LCY Biosciences), 2 Place Jules Gévelot 92130 Issy-les-Moulineaux France, ESIM Chemicals GmbH, St.-Peter-Strasse 25 4020 Linz Austria, HP Deutschland GmbH, Schickardstrasse 32 71034 Boeblingen Germany, HP Europe B.V., Krijgsman 75 1186 DR Amstelveen Netherlands, Kao Chemicals Europe, S.L. If the test material used is different from the substance being registered an indication will be provided. If so, the data provided is not processed for the Brief Profile. This section summarises physical and chemical property values from all registered dossiers in ECHA’s databases for the substance. Registrants can register their substance oxidising properties as: This section summarises the oxidation reduction potential values from all registered dossiers for the substance. EC/LC50 for freshwater sediment provides substance information on the substance’s effect concentration or lethal concentration for 50% of the model organisms feeding off the freshwater sediment,  generally displayed in milligrams per kilogram (dry weight). Half-life in sediment provides substance information on the substance’s half-life in sediment in seconds/minutes/hours/days/weeks/months/years at a temperature measured in °C.Note: Results without a measurement condition (temperature) are not processed for the Brief Profile. If so, the data provided is not processed for the Brief Profile. ECHA has no public registered data on the routes by which this substance is most likely to be released to the environment. Therefore, data has to fit the format and aggregation logic that is used for the Brief Profile. These study results can however be consulted when opening the source data. 2-methylbutanedioic acid is a dicarboxylic acid that is butanedioic acid substituted at position 2 by a methyl group. Registrant can provide information on eye exposure as mentioned above for ‘Data for workers – eye exposure.’. Manufacturers and importers can provide the following information in the registration dossier: Hazard for Air provides information on the substance’s hazard assessment conclusion related to air. The Brief Profile summarizes the non-confidential data on substances as it is held in the databases of the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA), including data provided by third parties. 'IUPAC name' is the generic field by which substance names are provided in various data submission tools. If more than one numerical result is available per endpoint, the range of results (min-max) and range of experimental conditions will be presented (RANGE method). Impurities or additives: When a specific critical property is associated with compositions with impurities and/or additives, the respective critical property icon has a * associated. This section summarises the values related to short term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates from all registered dossiers for the substance. This section summarises the water solubility values from all registered dossiers for the substance. Bulk density provides substance information on the bulk density in (kilo)grams per (centi)metre (cm/m) at a temperature measured in °C. Values are presented in (nano/ micro/milli)gram per litre and/or (nano/ micro/milli)molar per litre. Information on the most sensitive study can be provided by the registrants as: Dermal exposure provides information on the substance’s hazard assessment conclusions regarding dermal exposure (for workers). This section summarises the values related to toxicity to (terrestrial) arthropods from all registered dossiers for the substance. Log Koc at 20°C provides substance information on the substance’s log Koc adsorption at a temperature 20 °C. PIC administers the import and export of certain hazardous chemicals and places obligations on companies who wish to export these chemicals to non-EU countries. Processable data for study results is prioritised by test species (see list below) and subsequently further prioritised by the dose descriptor. level’ as the dose descriptor. To confirm if a substance is covered by a specific legislative framework the official publication should be consulted.Reproduction or further distribution of this information may be subject to copyright protection. EC10 / LC10 or NOEC for marine water algae provides substance information on the substance’s effect concentration/lethal concentration for 10% of the tested marine water algae or the no observed effect concentration for marine water algae. Values provided in ppb and Vol% are provided separately. Translated names gives the names in different EU languages, where available to ECHA. BOD5*100/ThOD provides substance information on the substance’s BOD5*100/ThOD values displayed in O2 (milli)gram per gram test material. In eukaryotes, succiniate, the anion of succinic acid, is an intermediate in the citric acid cycle, being formed from succinyl CoA and being converted to fumarate. This section displays the values related to irritation and corrosion from all registered dossiers for the substance. Y is the check-digit calculated in accordance with the 10-digit ISBN method. Explain clearly why the first pKa of malonic acid is lower than the first pKa of succinic acid, and why the second pKa of malonic acid is higher than the second pKa of succinic acid. Hazard to aquatic organisms provides information on the substance’s hazard assessment conclusion regarding aquatic organisms. El ácido succínico (IUPAC, ácido butanodioico) es un ácido dicarboxílico de fórmula C4H6O4. This section summarises the flash point values from all registered dossiers for the substance. For this endpoint registrants do not provide study result data. See ‘Data for workers – Inhalation exposure’, with the following additional hazard assessment conclusion in the case of short term: The registered threshold is generally displayed in milligrams per kilogram per bodyweight per day. This section summarises the values related to hydrolysis from all registered dossiers for the substance. The molecular formula identifies each type of element by its chemical symbol and identifies the number of atoms of each element found in one discrete molecule of the substance. This section summarises the values related to long term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates from all registered dossiers for the substance. Proin faucibus mollis lectus ut fermentum. Half-life in water provides substance information on the substance’s half-life in water in seconds/minutes/hours/days/weeks/months/years at a temperature measured in °C. EC10 / LC10 or NOEC for marine water invertebrates provides substance information on the substance’s effect concentration/lethal concentration for 10% of the tested marine water invertebrates or the no observed effect concentration for marine water invertebrates. Processable data for study results is prioritised by test species (see list below) and subsequently further prioritised by the dose descriptor. The Predicted No-Effect Concentration (PNEC) value is the concentration of a substance below which adverse effects in the environment are not expected to occur. Registration – indicated if there is at least one dossier registered and disseminated for the substance, how many non-confidential registrations are active and/or inactive and the type of submissions (joint and/or individual). This section summarises the values related to endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates from all registered dossiers for the substance. Data is generally displayed in milligrams per kilogram bodyweight per day.Prioritization by test species: See ‘Summary effect on fertility oral route’. Solubility provides substance information on the substance’s solubility in organic solvents/fat in grams per litre at a temperature measured in °C. 9 Thirdly the display of data is prioritised by unit. If more than one value is available, results are displayed as concatenated distinct values, ordered from most to least commonly provided, with the percentage of provided values appended. If so, the data provided is not processed for the Brief Profile. Surface tension provides substance information on the surface tension in (milli)Newton per metre in a concentration in (milli)gram per metre and at a temperature measured in °C. Our… Applicant’s summary and conclusion – Interpretation of results. See information under ‘Applicant’s summary and conclusion – interpretation of results (oral)’. Nam ante ipsum, suscipit non sapien nec, congue consequat ante. It is soluble in water and slightly soluble in ethanol for the preparation of pentaheterocyclic compounds.Specification:Test ItemsSp The goal of CLP is to make sure that hazards presented by chemicals are clearly communicated to workers and consumers in the European Union through a system of classifying and labelling of chemicals. If so, the data provided is not processed for the Brief Profile. This section summarises the vapour pressure values from all registered dossiers for the substance. Due to ongoing appeals, all registrations flagged as revoked are published as, In the case of a merge between two companies having a registration for the same substance, the higher tonnage band registration is maintained as active, and the other registration is, Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products, Storage stability and reactivity towards container material, Environmental data (monitoring data/field studies), Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour, Skin irritation/corrosion (study results), Respiratory sensitisation (study results), Repeating dose toxicity oral/inhalation/dermal/other routes (study results), EINECS (European INventory of Existing Commercial chemical Substances) List, ELINCS (European LIst of Notified Chemical Substances) List. The basis of SMILES is the representation of a valence model of a molecule. Note: Registrants can also select ‘BMD’, ‘BMC’, ‘dose level’ and ‘conc. This section summarises the flammability values from all registered dossiers for the substance. This substance is used in the following activities or processes at workplace: closed, continuous processes with occasional controlled exposure, closed batch processing in synthesis or formulation, transfer of chemicals, transfer of substance into small containers and closed processes with no likelihood of exposure. Succinic acid is a diprotic acid. Note: Results without a measurement condition (temperature) are not processed for the Brief Profile. Biodegradation in water - screening tests, Biodegradation in water & sediment - simulation tests. This substance is used in the following areas: municipal supply (e.g. Malonic acid and succinic acid each have two different pKa values. Thirdly the display of data is prioritised by units. Aliquam nec erat semper, suscipit libero et, bibendum mauris. The IUPAC nomenclature is a systematic way of naming chemical substances, both organic and inorganic. The availability of additional data beyond the five results displayed is indicated by (…). Post navigation ← Entropy Calculation for Ideal Gas Elements General Physical Properties : Atomic Size | Melting point | Boiling point → See information under ‘Study results oral’. This section displays the values related to endocrine disrupter mammalian screening from all registered dossiers for the substance. The BPR regulatory processes identified for the Brief Profile are: Prior Informed Consent (PIC)The PIC Regulation (649/2012) entered into force on 4 July 2014. BOD5 provides substance information on the substance’s BOD5 values displayed in O2 (milli)gram per gram test material. The Agency thus cannot guarantee the correctness of the information displayed. The aim is to display the lowest values reported as causing the most adverse effects, and hence the broadest possible safety margins for the substance. CAS names gives the name(s) provided to ECHA by the Chemical Abstracts Service, a division of the American Chemical Society, where available. 1.5), Extremely insensitive which do not have a mass explosion hazard (Div. EC/LC50 for freshwater plants provides substance information on the substance’s effect concentration or lethal concentration for 50% of the freshwater plants in the test, generally displayed in milligram per litre. Water solubility provides substance information on the substance’s solubility in water in grams per litre at a temperature measured in °C. Data is generally standardised and displayed in milligram per litre/cubic metre. Registrants can register their substance explosiveness as: This section summarises the oxidising values from all registered dossiers for the substance. Values are generally displayed in milligram per litre. Different compositions or impurity profiles often lead to different classifications. This section displays the values related to acute toxicity from all registered dossiers for the substance. pH of Organic Acids and Salts. Inherently biodegradable, fulfilling specific criteria; Inherently biodegradable, not fulfilling specific criteria, Under test conditions no biodegradation observed. Active substance approval – indicates if the substance is an approved biocidal active substance. Duis pulvinar non magna ac viverra. Thirdly the display of data is prioritised by units . REACH registration dossiers have greater data requirements (support studies) than notifications under CLP. By summarising the endpoint study data, ECHA aims to make this information accessible in a user-friendly way in line with the Agency’s goals and standards. Potassium Chloride – KCl 1.1-1.8 . Succinic acid is a dicarboxylic acid that occurs in nature in such organisms as fungi and lichens. the lowest numerical data) is displayed. This section provides an overview of the type of study records behind the presented results and – if applicable - data waving justifications. If more than one DNEL/DMEL is available the most conservative (i.e. Substance classifications under CLH are agreed at the Community level. The availability of additional data beyond the five results displayed is indicated by (…). Processable data is prioritised by the toxicity descriptor type (see list below) and subsequently further prioritised by duration (longer prioritised over shorter). 2 EC50/LC50 for marine water plants provides substance information on the substance’s effect concentration or lethal concentration for 50% of the marine water algae in the test, generally displayed in milligram per litre. Data is generally displayed in milligram per kilo bodyweight. Displayed are the RANGES of min – max of the PRIORITISED value(s) within the five highest priority groupings of provided data. If more than one IUPAC name is available from REACH registered dossiers, all IUPAC names are displayed in ‘Other names’ section of the Brief Profile. The physical state and form of a substance can play a significant impact when the hazards of a substance are assessed. If more than one numerical result is available per endpoint, the range of results (min-max) will be presented (RANGE method). 1.6), oxidising: maximum burning rate equal or higher than reference mixture, oxidising: vigorous reaction in preliminary test. Only non-confidential use descriptors are displayed and for readability purpose only use descriptors occurring in more than 5% of the total occurrences are displayed. With the global large-scale construction and putting into production in succession of succinic acid project and the development of the new areas of bio-based polymers, the obstacles of high cost and small market will gradually be cleared. Values are generally displayed in milligram per kilo food. EC/LC50 for freshwater sediment provides substance information on the substance’s effect concentration or lethal concentration for 50% of the model organisms feeding off the freshwater sediment, generally displayed in milligrams per kilogram sediment (dry weight). Succinic acid, when produced through fermentation, converts glucose to succinic acid along a portion of the reductive cycle of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle [Lee et al.,2002].Figure 2-3 depicts the reactions and enzymes in a typical fermentation process that transforms glucose to succinic acid. LC50 for marine water invertebrates provides substance information on the substance’s lethal concentration for 50% of the marine water invertebrates in the test, displayed in milligram per litre. Perchloric Acid – HClO. Therefore this does not constitute official and legally binding information. SMILES is the acronym for Simplified Molecular Input Line Entry Specification, a chemical notation system used to represent a molecular structure by a linear string of symbols. This section displays the values related to genetic toxicity from all registered dossiers for the substance. Short-term EC50 or LC50 for terrestrial plants provides substance information on the substance’s effect concentration or lethal concentration (short term) for 50% of the terrestrial plants in the test, generally displayed in milligram per kilo soil (dry weight). Notification – indicates that notified C&L’s have been submitted to ECHA for a substance. Units and data are normalised when possible and therefore the unit of measure/order of magnitude in the Brief Profile data may not correspond exactly to the one in the registered dossier. Considering the pKa of succinic acid of 4.2 and 5.6 at 25 C (Dean, 1999), at pH 3.5 more than 80% of succinic acid would be in protonated form. Please see Registrants/Suppliers details. Study results are not processed for carcinogenicity in the context of Brief Profiles due to the use of complex field(s) to report the information, which cannot be easily summarised by an automatic algorithm. Registrants can register their substance explosiveness as: Explosiveness. HPLC Application for Analysis of Sodium Succinate on Primesep 100 Succinic acid is a dicarboxylic acid that plays important role in citric acid cycle. Displayed is the MOST CONSERVATIVE of the value(s) provided, ranking in the order as below. Applicant’s summary and conclusion – Interpretation of results. Applicant’s summary and conclusion – Interpretation of results (dermal). This section displays the values (see below) related to toxicokinetics, metabolism, and distribution from all registered dossiers for the substance. This section summarises the values related to toxicity to aquatic plants (other than algae) from all registered dossiers for the substance. Registrant can provide information on eye exposure by selecting one of the following hazard assessment conclusions: Data for general population – eye exposure provides information on the substance’s hazard assessment conclusions regarding eye exposure (for the general population). For substance’s physical state at 20°C and 1 013 hPa, registrants can classify their substance as: For substance’s form, registrants can classify their substance as: For substance’s odour, registrants can classify their substance as: For substance’s type, registrants can classify their substance as: Summary data is collected from the endpoint summary(ies) provided by registrants of REACH dossiers. The light blue bar illustrates the percentage of matching substance classifications provided by manufacturers and importers in CLP notifications. ... pKa at 20°C provides numerical substance information on the dissociation constant in pKa at a temperature of 20°C. 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