e. It allows for the formation of shallow lakes, marshes, and bogs, The direction of the rotation of large cyclones- winds around the center of a cyclone rotate clockwise in the northern hemisphere and counterclockwise in the southern hemisphere- is due to the NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center Scientific Visualization Studio, Earth, Environmental, Ecological, and Space Sciences. d. carnivore e. Saltwater intrusion, During an El Nino-Southern Oscillation event, which of the following best describes conditions in the eastern part of the tropical Pacific Ocean (e.g., near Peru and Ecuador)? c. silt a. positive feedback loops e. the law of conservation of matter, Open oceans produce the largest share of Earth's biomass because the net primary productivity (NPP) of the oceans is e. a layer sometimes found in a soil horizon that is created by elevation, Island biogeography theory, developed by E.O. d. Sulfur and carbon cycles a. a stretched rubber band d. ecological equilibrium Absorption of infrared radiation by atmospheric gases. The difference between the demand for the resource and the availability of the resource. c. acid precipitation falling throughout the northeastern United States b. flow of matter and recycling of energy Prevailing winds, which are winds that blow predominantly from a particular direction, flow across the ocean surface, pushing the. c. promotes eutrophication when agricultural practices allow it to get into waterways Deep below the surface, there are currents that are controlled by water density, which depends on the temperature and salinity of the water. b. global warming from human use of fossil fuels C is the transfer of heat through direct contact between the surface and the atmosphere. d. They disrupt life-support systems for living organisms What is the value of the van't Hoff factor iii for K2SO4\mathrm{K}_2 \mathrm{SO}_4K2SO4 ? Ocean surface currents resemble Earth's long-term average planetary-scale wind patterns. Country D 10 30 It then flows southward deep along the ocean floor of the Atlantic Ocean through the Indian Ocean, eventually mixing with the surface currents in the Pacific Ocean. e. low, but the individual producers found there are huge in size, Which of the following biome sequences would appear at a similar latitude but with decreasing precipitation Like the heated air in a hot-air balloon, heated water expands. These two regions don't mix except in certain special areas. UCAR: Ocean on the move: Thermohaline circulation, University of California Museum of Paleontology. c. decreased nutrient levels A global "conveyor belt" set in motion when deep water sinks and circulates around Earths ocean basins. Surface ocean currents are strongly influenced by the wind. The saltiness of water is one factor that affects its density. It underlies the African Sergengeti and supplies millions of people with freshwater. The Great Pacific Garbage Patch is a collection of marine debris in the North Pacific Ocean. a. c. ocean currents e. Stratosphere, According to the climate graphs below all of the following are true EXCEPT: Ocean, causing Great Britain and Europe to have fairly moderate temperatures. Solar heat absorbed at the equator causes water to expand. This heat is then transported by currents and re-radiated, influencing regional air temperatures and climates all over the globe. b. deserts These cold patches are what remains of the subsurface "engine" of the La Nina, now starting to turn off slowly as warmer waters move in. d. igneous Scientists think that if the conveyor slows or stops, the warmer surface water would not be propelled back toward the north Atlantic through the Gulf Stream. Both salinity and temperature work affect the density of water at thesame time, so things can get complicated. A plate boundary where two plates move toward each other (collide). c. transform fault lines e. sublimation, A pollution prevention strategy would include We usually assume that if you uniformly warm the ocean, there will be no major impact on ocean circulation. Accounting for the top-down nature of ocean warming changes that picture, she adds. d. Mesosphere Increase in NOx in a traffic-clogged city Coastal and sea floor features influence their location, direction, and speed. d. the melting of Antarctic sea ice, resulting in sea level rise Giving government subsidies for flood plain development To learn more about teaching ocean circulation, visit the Teaching Resources page. c. nonrenewable resource Currents that move up and down in the water column, also called vertical currents, are created by differences in the density of water masses, where heavier waters sink and lighter waters rise. These waters make up the other 90% of the ocean. a. The cold air that descends at the poles moves over the Earth's surface towards the equator, and by about 60 o latitude it begins to rise, creating a Polar Cell between 60 o and 90 o. b. a. engage in mutualistic relationships with native species Preserving wetlands or riparian land The Great Pacific Garbage Patch, also known as the Pacific trash vortex, spans waters from the West Coast of North America to Japan. As a result, both the surface and deep waters flow from west to east around Antarctica. Why or why not? They contribute to the balance within an ecosystem b. water table e. Carbon is concentrated in igneous rocks, Formed when pre-existing rock is exposed to high heat and pressures These are more massive but move more slowly than surface currents. www.opendialoguemediations.com. e. have numerous predators that cause an increase in the number of predators, All of the following are true of El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) EXCEPT: What this means is that the density stays constant since the distance between the molecules remains unchanged. LIke temperature, the salt in the ocean affects its density (the amount mass per volume). a. the number of trophic levels of ecosystems near plate boundaries Assume a temperature of 37C.37 ^ { \circ } \mathrm { C } .37C. You would expect the surface currents to flow across the Earth's surface in a straight path, but they do not. Ocean surface currents [2] . d. we never comprehend resource issues until the resource is gone All of the above Air is a relatively poor thermal conductor (which means it is a good insulator), so conduction represents only a small part of the energy transfer between the Earth and the atmosphere; equal to about 7% of the incoming solar energy. b. Help News from Science publish trustworthy, high-impact stories about research and the people who shape it. d. fertilizer from agricultural fields d. strip mining in a national park or national forest These waters are the upper 400 meters of the ocean. The wavenumber spectrum of the oceanic circulation allows us to understand the energy distribution across spatial scales throughout the globe, reveals key bands of scales within the. Deep Water Currents -- Thermohaline Circulation. Download the Earth system models on this page. Sites away from the coast lack this temperature buffering and have extreme "continental" climates (like Wichita). In the east, you can see the remaining cold anomalies. Climate and ecosystems everywhere on Earth, even those far from the ocean, are affected by the ocean circulation. Surface currents are powered by Earth's various wind patterns. c. Governments spending more money on clean-up initiatives Ocean circulation is an essential part of How the Earth System Works. c. infiltration b. Convection 3.13 shows the surface winds that flow from regions of high atmospheric pressure over the world's oceans. c. upwelling events that occur along the coast of South America Exotic species damage ecosystems because they e. sediments, The phenomenon causing global warming occurs primarily in this region of the atmosphere surface oceanic circulation results most directly in the. b. decomposer d. tropical rain forests a. magma c. boreal forest a. aquifer e. subduction zones, Generalized pyramid energy flow has only a 10% efficiency, while 90% of the energy is lost to the environment as heat. Warm Vs. Replacing old polluting systems with new technology which does not result in problematic waste One is wind-driven circulation and the other is thermohaline circulation. The Earth system model below includes some of the ways that human activities affect, or are affected by, ocean circulation. That is why it is easier to float in the ocean than in a fresh-water swimming pool or lake, and fresh water floats on top of salty ocean water. b. Stratosphere d. water b. E c. sunlight b. Exosphere a. the greenhouse effect Other observable results of short-term plate movement include the gradual widening of the Great Rift lakes in eastern Africa and the rising of the Himalayan Mountain range. What electron energy is required to obtain the diffraction pattern for a surface with crystal spacing of 4.0 A? Tropical rainforests have distinct rainy and dry seasons Denser oceanic crust is subducted underneath continental crust, which forms oceanic trenches and magma, creating volcanoes (Ring of Fire). D=610,E=[134]. This is because The carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere is reduced by cutting trees Water flows in a circular pattern--clockwise in the Northern Hemisphere, and counterclockwise in the Southern Hemisphere. c. seismic waves d. Carbon and nitrogen cycles b. leaching of organic nutrients from topsoil horizon, and occasional salinization d. decomposer d. sedimentary Underwater currents mix the ocean 's waters on a global scale. d. It underlies the United States High Plains and is being depleted by overuse. Ocean water moves in predictable ways along the ocean surface. a. This freshwater is less dense and would not sink, causing the global flow of ocean water to slow, drastically changing Earths climate. which best describe chlorofluorocarbons (cfcs), volcanic eruptions release them into the atmosphere , they were targeted for banning in 1987 as a part of the Montreal Protocol, which of the following best describes the mechanism of the greenhouse effect in the earth's atmosphere, infrared radiation from the earth's surface is absorbed by gases in the atmosphere, which of the following greenhouse gases does not exist naturally, increasing the amount of greenhouse gases in the troposphere will reduce heat radiated back to space in the form of, which of the following energy sources is a chief contributor to greenhouse gas emissions as well as increasing environmental mobility of mercury, which of the following molecules is not considered a greenhouse gas, which best describe the impact of atmospheric carbon dioxide and stratospheric aerosols, both carbon dioxide and aerosols contribute to global warming, Anthropogenic water vapor does not contribute significantly to global warming because, water vapor has a short residence time in the atmosphere, Terrestial biomes vary in net primary productivity due to, the suns radiation provides the energy for, plant growth, ocean currents, hurricanes, and plate tectonics, phytoplankton are most abundant in the upper few hundred feet of most bodies of water because, sunlight does not penetrate to great depths in water. Gyres are caused by the Coriolis effect; planetary vorticity, horizontal friction and vertical friction determine the circulatory patterns from the wind stress curl ().. Gyre can refer to any type of vortex in an atmosphere or a sea, even one . The numerical experiments are divided into two parts: One . Phone: (803)536-3333 30 yard dumpster dimensions. c. Asbestos c. Brazil and Indonesia b. high and thus can support a high proportion of producers b. evolution by natural selection nutrient levels, atmospheric circulation, etc.) Ocean currents flow like vast rivers, sweeping along predictable paths. For example, the Gulf Stream in the Atlantic Ocean brings heat from near the equator to Europe, making it much warmer than other areas at similar latitudes. a. e. They create nuisances within in an environment, Which of the following non-point source pollution types is most likely to cause cultural eutrophication in lake ecosystems? With our present atmosphere, Earth's mean surface temperature is approximately +15C. c. heavy metals from mining practices b. all species of poison arrow frogs have vivid coloration with black markings 10, 29-38 (2014). a. heat and pressure c. Sulfur and nitrogen cycles e. igneous, All of the following gases make a significant contribution to the natural greenhouse effect EXCEPT a. b. d. Radon d. It changes the distribution patterns of pelagic marine species e. desert, When logging is carried out in a watershed, a likely effect on the local streams is In this study, the oceanic responses to given atmospheric boundary conditions are investigated using a mesoscale ocean circulation model.

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