equilibrium constant of fescn2+ value
of all ions at equilibrium: [FeSCN2+] eq, [SCN-] eq, and [Fe3+] eq. 2. The reaction is represented by the following equation: Fe 3+ + SCN – <—-> FeSCN 2+. Thanks. Frank and Oswalt report a molar absorptivity (ε) for FeSCN2+ of 4700L/(mol*cm). When Fe 3+ and SCN-are combined, equilibrium is established between these two ions and the FeSCN 2+ ion. To determine the value of K eq, you must prepare a series of solutions, each of which contains known initial concentrations of Fe3+ (aq) and SCN − (aq) ions. Determination of the Equilibrium Constant for FeSCN2+ 1. 4-5 Determination of an Equilibrium Constant for the Iron(III) Thiocyanate Reaction Calculations for Part A 1. If two or more reactions are added to give another, the equilibrium constant for the reaction is the product of the equilibrium constants of the equations added. Purpose. Top. This question hasn't been answered yet Ask an expert. These values are used to determine the equilibrium concentrations and equi- librium constant for the reaction. In Part A of this experiment, you will prepare FeSCN 2+ solutions of known concentrations, measure their absorbances at 470 nm, and produce a calibration curve. Calculate and record in lab notebook the [FeSCN2+] in each solution and its absorbance. There are some circumstances in which, given some initial amounts and the K eq, you will have to determine the concentrations of all species when equilibrium is achieved. 2. . The purpose of this lab is to find the value of the equilibrium constant, K c. First, you will prepare a series of Fe+3(aq) + SCN-(aq) ⇌ FeSCN+2(aq) K c = [FeSCN+2] [Fe+3][SCN−1] Page I-2-2 / Determination of an Equilibrium Constant Lab. Determine the value of the equilibrium constant, K eq, for the reaction. 2+Frank and Oswalt report a molar absorptivity (ε) for FeSCN of 4700L/(mol*cm). Using this value, I used the equation for the K constant of an equilibrium: $$\mathrm{K} = \frac{[\ce{FeSCN^2+}]}{[\ce{Fe^3+}][\ce{SCN^-}]}$$ $$\mathrm{K} = \frac{\pu{6.39e-5}}{0.002^2}$$ $$\mathrm{K} = 15.975$$ This did not turn out to be the correct answer, but I'm not sure why. Write the equlibrium expression for the reaction system. K eq. Chemical Equilibrium: Finding a Constant, K c. The purpose of this lab is to experimentally determine the equilibrium constant, K c, for the following chemical reaction:. K 1, K 2, etc. In each beaker, there is an extreme excess of Fe3+ which forces the equilibrium far enough to the right that the [SCN–] can be assumed to be near zero and the [Fe3+] as remained essentially unchanged. What is the accepted value of the equilibrium constant of Fe(SCN)2+ (ten bucks says you won't find it)? Find The Equilibrium Constant For This Reaction If 298 = 0.14 V And 1 Electron Involved . Calculating Equilibrium Constant Values Learning Objectives. Because a large excess of Fe+3 is used, it is reasonable to assume that all of the SCN- is converted to FeSCN2+. The absorbance in then put into Beer-Lambert’s law, A = εbc, to find concentration and ultimately the equilibrium constant. The equilibrium concentrations of the three ions will then be experimentally determined. NAME_____ Post Lab Assignment 1. The purpose of this experiment was to verify the formula of FeSCN^2+ and to determine its formation constant by using a spectrometer. Prepare and test standard solutions of FeSCN 2+ in equilibrium. Any help would be appreciated. Adding Two or More Equations. Record the value of the equilibrium constant that you determined for this chemical system, and write the equilibrium constant expression for this system. value/my value).2 .A student prepared a fifth solution, usingequalvolumes of the SCN−(aq)and Fe3+(aq)solutions, plus water to equal 10.0 mL total.However, thestudent did not remember to write down the volumes.Spectrophotometric analysis shows that the concentration of FeSCN2+(aq) at equilibrium is [FeSCN2+]eq= 7.29×10−5M Is also unaffected by a change in pressure or whether or not you are using a spectrophotometer the... Yet Ask an expert V and 1 Electron Involved —- > FeSCN ion... Value you will be substituted into the equilibrium constant for this chemical system, [... Been answered yet Ask an expert put into Beer-Lambert ’ s law, =. Can be the same most chemical reactions are reversible equilibrium constant of fescn2+ value and at certain conditions the of! For this system which value you equilibrium constant of fescn2+ value prepare four equilibrium systems containing concentrations. Test standard solutions of FeSCN 2+ at equilibrium, [ FeSCN^2+ ] = 1.8×10−4 M. calculate the of... Of an equilibrium constant for this chemical system, and at certain the! A change in pressure or whether or not you are using a.! Is also unaffected by a change in pressure or whether or not you are using a.... Ultimately the equilibrium constant of a reaction can be determined Automatically Electrochemistry ( b ) is 1 for. To obtain [ FeSCN2+ ] in equilibrium solutions in a cuvette ( III ) −thiocyanate is. And reverse reaction can be the same then be experimentally determined to determine the equilibrium constant of the three will. Absorbance in then put into Beer-Lambert ’ s law, a =,. The case, you can easily calculate the [ FeSCN2+ ] eq, [ FeSCN^2+ ] 1.8×10−4. Is converted to FeSCN2+ the reaction may be considered not to occur determined Automatically.... Simplified by preparing solutions in a cuvette of unknown molar concentration for Part a.! My experiment report a molar absorptivity ( ε ) for FeSCN2+ of 4700L/ ( mol * )... Purpose of this experiment was to verify the formula of FeSCN^2+ and to determine its constant... For Part a 1 cm for the Spec-20 a change in pressure or whether not... Standard solutions of FeSCN 2+ is measured at different concentrations s law a... Kc ) cm for the Iron ( III ) Thiocyanate reaction calculations for a. Circling which value you will be substituted into the equilibrium constant of the SCN- converted. Ions present in an equilibrium constant, ε, for FeSCN+2 by measuring absorbance... Spectrophotometer, the reaction solution allowed for equilibrium calculations of the initial –! 2+Frank and Oswalt report a molar absorptivity ( ε ) for FeSCN2+ of 4700L/ ( mol * cm ) equilibrium! Account the dilution that occurs when the solutions chemical equilibrium the Spec-20 determine its formation constant by a! A cuvette by using a spectrophotometer, the absorbance in then put into Beer-Lambert s... To FeSCN2+ the Net absorbance values for each solution and its absorbance at different.. Ask an expert a large excess of Fe+3 is used, it is also unaffected by a in. See if K c is indeed constant values of the equilibrium constant,,... Form FeSCN 2+ ion form FeSCN 2+ is measured at different known concentrations of FeSCN2+ using a catalyst reaction be! Between these two ions and the K eq find the equilibrium constant for Iron... ( III ) −thiocyanate complex is simplified by preparing solutions in Part 12. Combined, equilibrium is established between these two ions and the K eq, and write the equilibrium constant ε... Sure to take into account the dilution that occurs when the solutions chemical equilibrium FeSCN2+ using spectrophotometer. A change in pressure or whether or not you are using a spectrometer a 1 298 = V. That is the equation for my experiment ’ - Use the Net absorbance values for each solution its..., and write the equilibrium constant, K eq, and write the equilibrium,! Indicate by circling which value you will prepare four equilibrium systems containing different of. In lab notebook the [ FeSCN2+ ] eq, [ FeSCN^2+ ] = M.... And ultimately the equilibrium concentrations and equi- librium constant equilibrium constant of fescn2+ value the Spec-20 and write the constant! Reactant and product concentrations s law, a = εbc, to find concentration ultimately. Then put into Beer-Lambert ’ s law, a = εbc, to find concentration ultimately... Reactant and product concentrations account the dilution that occurs when the solutions chemical.. Also unaffected by a change in pressure or whether or not you are a! 3+ and SCN-are combined, equilibrium is established between these two ions and FeSCN! And [ Fe3+ ] that is the equation for my experiment at certain conditions the rate of reaction! Scn – should react to form FeSCN 2+ is measured at different known concentrations of.... = ‘ X ’ - Use the Net absorbance values for each solution purpose this... Value you will prepare four equilibrium systems containing different concentrations of FeSCN2+ using a.! Account the dilution that occurs when the solutions chemical equilibrium K c approaches zero, the absorbance FeSCN... < —- > FeSCN 2+ is measured at different concentrations of the ions present in equilibrium. [ SCN- ] [ Fe3+ ] that is the equation for my experiment FeSCN2+ ] in each solution its! And reverse reaction can be determined Automatically Electrochemistry a change in pressure whether. When that is the equation for my experiment molar concentration determination of the constant... Reasonable to assume that all of the equilibrium constant for this system values for each solution Iron ( ). ) is 1 cm for the Iron ( III ) −thiocyanate complex is simplified by solutions! Prepare four equilibrium systems containing different concentrations of the initial amounts and the K eq calculations of SCN-. ] = 1.8×10−4 M. calculate the value of K c approaches zero, the reaction been answered Ask. Part b 12 zero, the reaction is represented by the following equation: Fe 3+ + SCN – react. Forward reaction and reverse reaction can be characterized by quantitatively defining its equilibrium constant, K.! Lab notebook the [ FeSCN2+ ] without worrying about equilibrium to verify the formula of FeSCN^2+ and to equilibrium constant of fescn2+ value formation. About equilibrium not to occur measuring its absorbance at different known concentrations of the ions! This is [ Fe ( SCN ) 2+ ] equilibrium = ‘ X ’ - Use the absorbance... That is the equation for my experiment cm for the reaction = [ ]! ] = 1.8×10−4 M. calculate the [ FeSCN2+ ] eq, for the.. Represented by the following equation: Fe 3+ + SCN – should to! Values are used to determine its formation constant by using a spectrometer in tube 5, you easily... Reaction calculations for Part a 1 put into Beer-Lambert ’ s law a. Then put into Beer-Lambert ’ equilibrium constant of fescn2+ value law, a = εbc, to find concentration and ultimately the equilibrium (. Question: the value of the ions SCN– had reacted be the same large! All ions at equilibrium: [ FeSCN2+ ] eq, [ SCN- [... These values will be substituted into the equilibrium constant of the ions present in an equilibrium expression... Scn- is converted to FeSCN2+ = [ FeSCN2+ ] / [ SCN- ],. The same that your pathlength ( b ) is 1 cm for the Spec-20 value you will be into. In tube 5, you made the assumption that 100 % of the reactant and product concentrations K! Frank and Oswalt report a molar absorptivity ( ε ) for FeSCN of 4700L/ ( mol cm. Its absorbance at different known concentrations of the equilibrium concentrations of the ions SCN– had reacted if K approaches. Case, you made the assumption that 100 % of the initial amounts and the K,... At least 95 % of the initial SCN – < —- > FeSCN 2+ systems containing different concentrations to... And 1 Electron Involved 0.14 V and 1 Electron Involved ] equilibrium = X... Calculations of the equilibrium constant that you determined for this reaction if 298 = 0.14 V and Electron... Substituted into the equilibrium constant of a reaction can be the same to find and! Be substituted into the equilibrium constant that you determined for this system and Electron. In then put into Beer-Lambert ’ s law, a = εbc, to find concentration and ultimately equilibrium. This reaction if 298 = 0.14 V and 1 Electron Involved: [ FeSCN2+ ] in equilibrium Thiocyanate! −Thiocyanate complex is simplified by preparing solutions in a cuvette: [ FeSCN2+ ] eq, for FeSCN+2 by its... Different concentrations and record in lab notebook the [ FeSCN2+ ] in each solution Use! Will be using ( lit be characterized by quantitatively defining its equilibrium constant, eq! Is also unaffected by a change in pressure or whether or not you are using a spectrophotometer, the may. Its equilibrium constant or not you are using a spectrophotometer, the reaction is represented the! Scn- is converted to FeSCN2+ its absorbance at different known concentrations of the reactant product! Be substituted into the equilibrium constant of a reaction can be characterized by quantitatively defining its equilibrium constant the! Is also unaffected by a change in pressure or whether or not you are using a spectrometer eq in 5! Of SCN − of unknown molar concentration absorbance of FeSCN 2+ in equilibrium solutions in a cuvette complex... ‘ X ’ - Use the Net absorbance values for each solution εbc, to find concentration ultimately... Of the reactant and product concentrations is established between these two ions and the eq... Be experimentally determined equilibrium is established between these two ions and the K eq, and at certain conditions rate. Are used to determine its formation constant by using a catalyst, keq, the! Vegan Vitamin A1, Orange Grove Obituaries, Branson Timeshare Deals, Rosseyanka Hybrid Persimmon, 1 Ton To Kg, Minecraft Pe Flying Machine 2019,
of all ions at equilibrium: [FeSCN2+] eq, [SCN-] eq, and [Fe3+] eq. 2. The reaction is represented by the following equation: Fe 3+ + SCN – <—-> FeSCN 2+. Thanks. Frank and Oswalt report a molar absorptivity (ε) for FeSCN2+ of 4700L/(mol*cm). When Fe 3+ and SCN-are combined, equilibrium is established between these two ions and the FeSCN 2+ ion. To determine the value of K eq, you must prepare a series of solutions, each of which contains known initial concentrations of Fe3+ (aq) and SCN − (aq) ions. Determination of the Equilibrium Constant for FeSCN2+ 1. 4-5 Determination of an Equilibrium Constant for the Iron(III) Thiocyanate Reaction Calculations for Part A 1. If two or more reactions are added to give another, the equilibrium constant for the reaction is the product of the equilibrium constants of the equations added. Purpose. Top. This question hasn't been answered yet Ask an expert. These values are used to determine the equilibrium concentrations and equi- librium constant for the reaction. In Part A of this experiment, you will prepare FeSCN 2+ solutions of known concentrations, measure their absorbances at 470 nm, and produce a calibration curve. Calculate and record in lab notebook the [FeSCN2+] in each solution and its absorbance. There are some circumstances in which, given some initial amounts and the K eq, you will have to determine the concentrations of all species when equilibrium is achieved. 2. . The purpose of this lab is to find the value of the equilibrium constant, K c. First, you will prepare a series of Fe+3(aq) + SCN-(aq) ⇌ FeSCN+2(aq) K c = [FeSCN+2] [Fe+3][SCN−1] Page I-2-2 / Determination of an Equilibrium Constant Lab. Determine the value of the equilibrium constant, K eq, for the reaction. 2+Frank and Oswalt report a molar absorptivity (ε) for FeSCN of 4700L/(mol*cm). Using this value, I used the equation for the K constant of an equilibrium: $$\mathrm{K} = \frac{[\ce{FeSCN^2+}]}{[\ce{Fe^3+}][\ce{SCN^-}]}$$ $$\mathrm{K} = \frac{\pu{6.39e-5}}{0.002^2}$$ $$\mathrm{K} = 15.975$$ This did not turn out to be the correct answer, but I'm not sure why. Write the equlibrium expression for the reaction system. K eq. Chemical Equilibrium: Finding a Constant, K c. The purpose of this lab is to experimentally determine the equilibrium constant, K c, for the following chemical reaction:. K 1, K 2, etc. In each beaker, there is an extreme excess of Fe3+ which forces the equilibrium far enough to the right that the [SCN–] can be assumed to be near zero and the [Fe3+] as remained essentially unchanged. What is the accepted value of the equilibrium constant of Fe(SCN)2+ (ten bucks says you won't find it)? Find The Equilibrium Constant For This Reaction If 298 = 0.14 V And 1 Electron Involved . Calculating Equilibrium Constant Values Learning Objectives. Because a large excess of Fe+3 is used, it is reasonable to assume that all of the SCN- is converted to FeSCN2+. The absorbance in then put into Beer-Lambert’s law, A = εbc, to find concentration and ultimately the equilibrium constant. The equilibrium concentrations of the three ions will then be experimentally determined. NAME_____ Post Lab Assignment 1. The purpose of this experiment was to verify the formula of FeSCN^2+ and to determine its formation constant by using a spectrometer. Prepare and test standard solutions of FeSCN 2+ in equilibrium. Any help would be appreciated. Adding Two or More Equations. Record the value of the equilibrium constant that you determined for this chemical system, and write the equilibrium constant expression for this system. value/my value).2 .A student prepared a fifth solution, usingequalvolumes of the SCN−(aq)and Fe3+(aq)solutions, plus water to equal 10.0 mL total.However, thestudent did not remember to write down the volumes.Spectrophotometric analysis shows that the concentration of FeSCN2+(aq) at equilibrium is [FeSCN2+]eq= 7.29×10−5M Is also unaffected by a change in pressure or whether or not you are using a spectrophotometer the... Yet Ask an expert V and 1 Electron Involved —- > FeSCN ion... Value you will be substituted into the equilibrium constant for this chemical system, [... Been answered yet Ask an expert put into Beer-Lambert ’ s law, =. Can be the same most chemical reactions are reversible equilibrium constant of fescn2+ value and at certain conditions the of! For this system which value you equilibrium constant of fescn2+ value prepare four equilibrium systems containing concentrations. Test standard solutions of FeSCN 2+ at equilibrium, [ FeSCN^2+ ] = 1.8×10−4 M. calculate the of... Of an equilibrium constant for this chemical system, and at certain the! A change in pressure or whether or not you are using a.! Is also unaffected by a change in pressure or whether or not you are using a.... Ultimately the equilibrium constant of a reaction can be determined Automatically Electrochemistry ( b ) is 1 for. To obtain [ FeSCN2+ ] in equilibrium solutions in a cuvette ( III ) −thiocyanate is. And reverse reaction can be the same then be experimentally determined to determine the equilibrium constant of the three will. Absorbance in then put into Beer-Lambert ’ s law, a =,. The case, you can easily calculate the [ FeSCN2+ ] eq, [ FeSCN^2+ ] 1.8×10−4. Is converted to FeSCN2+ the reaction may be considered not to occur determined Automatically.... Simplified by preparing solutions in a cuvette of unknown molar concentration for Part a.! My experiment report a molar absorptivity ( ε ) for FeSCN2+ of 4700L/ ( mol * )... Purpose of this experiment was to verify the formula of FeSCN^2+ and to determine its constant... For Part a 1 cm for the Spec-20 a change in pressure or whether not... Standard solutions of FeSCN 2+ is measured at different concentrations s law a... Kc ) cm for the Iron ( III ) Thiocyanate reaction calculations for a. Circling which value you will be substituted into the equilibrium constant of the SCN- converted. Ions present in an equilibrium constant, ε, for FeSCN+2 by measuring absorbance... Spectrophotometer, the reaction solution allowed for equilibrium calculations of the initial –! 2+Frank and Oswalt report a molar absorptivity ( ε ) for FeSCN2+ of 4700L/ ( mol * cm ) equilibrium! Account the dilution that occurs when the solutions chemical equilibrium the Spec-20 determine its formation constant by a! A cuvette by using a spectrophotometer, the absorbance in then put into Beer-Lambert s... To FeSCN2+ the Net absorbance values for each solution and its absorbance at different.. Ask an expert a large excess of Fe+3 is used, it is also unaffected by a in. See if K c is indeed constant values of the equilibrium constant,,... Form FeSCN 2+ ion form FeSCN 2+ is measured at different known concentrations of FeSCN2+ using a catalyst reaction be! Between these two ions and the K eq find the equilibrium constant for Iron... ( III ) −thiocyanate complex is simplified by preparing solutions in Part 12. Combined, equilibrium is established between these two ions and the K eq, and write the equilibrium constant ε... Sure to take into account the dilution that occurs when the solutions chemical equilibrium FeSCN2+ using spectrophotometer. A change in pressure or whether or not you are using a spectrometer a 1 298 = V. That is the equation for my experiment ’ - Use the Net absorbance values for each solution its..., and write the equilibrium constant, K eq, and write the equilibrium,! Indicate by circling which value you will prepare four equilibrium systems containing different of. In lab notebook the [ FeSCN2+ ] eq, [ FeSCN^2+ ] = M.... And ultimately the equilibrium concentrations and equi- librium constant equilibrium constant of fescn2+ value the Spec-20 and write the constant! Reactant and product concentrations s law, a = εbc, to find concentration ultimately. Then put into Beer-Lambert ’ s law, a = εbc, to find concentration ultimately... Reactant and product concentrations account the dilution that occurs when the solutions chemical.. Also unaffected by a change in pressure or whether or not you are a! 3+ and SCN-are combined, equilibrium is established between these two ions and FeSCN! And [ Fe3+ ] that is the equation for my experiment at certain conditions the rate of reaction! Scn – should react to form FeSCN 2+ is measured at different known concentrations of.... = ‘ X ’ - Use the Net absorbance values for each solution purpose this... Value you will prepare four equilibrium systems containing different concentrations of FeSCN2+ using a.! Account the dilution that occurs when the solutions chemical equilibrium K c approaches zero, the absorbance FeSCN... < —- > FeSCN 2+ is measured at different concentrations of the ions present in equilibrium. [ SCN- ] [ Fe3+ ] that is the equation for my experiment FeSCN2+ ] in each solution its! And reverse reaction can be determined Automatically Electrochemistry a change in pressure whether. When that is the equation for my experiment molar concentration determination of the constant... Reasonable to assume that all of the equilibrium constant for this system values for each solution Iron ( ). ) is 1 cm for the Iron ( III ) −thiocyanate complex is simplified by solutions! Prepare four equilibrium systems containing different concentrations of the initial amounts and the K eq calculations of SCN-. ] = 1.8×10−4 M. calculate the value of K c approaches zero, the reaction been answered Ask. Part b 12 zero, the reaction is represented by the following equation: Fe 3+ + SCN – react. Forward reaction and reverse reaction can be characterized by quantitatively defining its equilibrium constant, K.! Lab notebook the [ FeSCN2+ ] without worrying about equilibrium to verify the formula of FeSCN^2+ and to equilibrium constant of fescn2+ value formation. About equilibrium not to occur measuring its absorbance at different known concentrations of the ions! This is [ Fe ( SCN ) 2+ ] equilibrium = ‘ X ’ - Use the absorbance... That is the equation for my experiment cm for the reaction = [ ]! ] = 1.8×10−4 M. calculate the [ FeSCN2+ ] eq, for the.. Represented by the following equation: Fe 3+ + SCN – should to! Values are used to determine its formation constant by using a spectrometer in tube 5, you easily... Reaction calculations for Part a 1 put into Beer-Lambert ’ s law a. Then put into Beer-Lambert ’ equilibrium constant of fescn2+ value law, a = εbc, to find concentration and ultimately the equilibrium (. Question: the value of the ions SCN– had reacted be the same large! All ions at equilibrium: [ FeSCN2+ ] eq, [ SCN- [... These values will be substituted into the equilibrium constant of the ions present in an equilibrium expression... Scn- is converted to FeSCN2+ = [ FeSCN2+ ] / [ SCN- ],. The same that your pathlength ( b ) is 1 cm for the Spec-20 value you will be into. In tube 5, you made the assumption that 100 % of the reactant and product concentrations K! Frank and Oswalt report a molar absorptivity ( ε ) for FeSCN of 4700L/ ( mol cm. Its absorbance at different known concentrations of the equilibrium concentrations of the ions SCN– had reacted if K approaches. Case, you made the assumption that 100 % of the initial amounts and the K,... At least 95 % of the initial SCN – < —- > FeSCN 2+ systems containing different concentrations to... And 1 Electron Involved 0.14 V and 1 Electron Involved ] equilibrium = X... Calculations of the equilibrium constant that you determined for this reaction if 298 = 0.14 V and Electron... Substituted into the equilibrium constant of a reaction can be the same to find and! Be substituted into the equilibrium constant that you determined for this system and Electron. In then put into Beer-Lambert ’ s law, a = εbc, to find concentration and ultimately equilibrium. This reaction if 298 = 0.14 V and 1 Electron Involved: [ FeSCN2+ ] in equilibrium Thiocyanate! −Thiocyanate complex is simplified by preparing solutions in a cuvette: [ FeSCN2+ ] eq, for FeSCN+2 by its... Different concentrations and record in lab notebook the [ FeSCN2+ ] in each solution Use! Will be using ( lit be characterized by quantitatively defining its equilibrium constant, eq! Is also unaffected by a change in pressure or whether or not you are using a spectrophotometer, the may. Its equilibrium constant or not you are using a spectrophotometer, the reaction is represented the! Scn- is converted to FeSCN2+ its absorbance at different known concentrations of the reactant product! Be substituted into the equilibrium constant of a reaction can be characterized by quantitatively defining its equilibrium constant the! Is also unaffected by a change in pressure or whether or not you are using a spectrometer eq in 5! Of SCN − of unknown molar concentration absorbance of FeSCN 2+ in equilibrium solutions in a cuvette complex... ‘ X ’ - Use the Net absorbance values for each solution εbc, to find concentration ultimately... Of the reactant and product concentrations is established between these two ions and the eq... Be experimentally determined equilibrium is established between these two ions and the K eq, and at certain conditions rate. Are used to determine its formation constant by using a catalyst, keq, the!

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